30 Questions
What does gender identity refer to?
Individual experience of gender
Which term is used by individuals who identify as being between or other than male or female?
Genderqueer
What does androgyny refer to?
Mixing masculine and feminine gender expression
Which term is used to describe genderless or non-gendered individuals?
Agender
What is a common aspect of traditional views on masculinity according to the text?
Provider role
What does gender expression refer to?
Socially constructed roles and behaviors
What is the overarching diagnosis provided for in the DSM-5 for individuals uncomfortable with the gender they were assigned?
Gender dysphoria
According to the DSM-5, how long must the distress associated with gender dysphoria last for it to be diagnosed in adolescents and adults?
At least 6 months
Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria used to diagnose gender dysphoria in adolescents and adults according to the DSM-5?
A strong desire to have a different name
What specific period of time must a person experience significant distress or problems functioning to meet the criteria for gender dysphoria diagnosis?
At least 6 months
According to the DSM-5, what does gender dysphoria involve in terms of a person's experienced/expressed gender?
Mismatch with assigned gender
Which of the following is a documented symptom of gender dysphoria according to the DSM-5?
A strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sex characteristics of the other gender
What does 'transphobia' refer to?
Negative attitudes towards transgender individuals
How is 'internalized oppression' defined in reference to LGBTQ people?
Belief that straight and non-transgender people are better than LGBTQ people
What does 'homophobia' involve according to the text?
Negative attitudes towards people with non-heterosexual sexualities
How is 'two-spirit' defined in Native American tradition?
A person with both male and female gender spirits
What does 'sexual prejudice' encompass?
All negative attitudes based on sexual orientation
'Sexual prejudice' refers to:
All negative attitudes based on sexual orientation
What does the text imply about societal views on same-sex relationships?
They vary depending on the location and time period.
How are same-sex relationships described in relation to societal norms?
As a minor sin in some societies
What is the general stance on consensual sex between unrelated individuals in most nations?
It is allowed above the local age of consent
How do some fundamentalist Muslim areas like Iran and parts of Nigeria treat offenders of same-sex relationships?
They impose the death penalty
What concept is the idea of 'gender conformity' based on?
Imposing norms about gender roles
What should men be according to 'gender conformity'?
Enduring, strong, and hard workers
What are some traits typically associated with 'Manly jobs'?
Gentle, assertive, competent
Which term refers to the manipulation or toleration of institutional policies that restrict opportunities for a specific sex?
Institutional Sexism
What is an impact of institutional sexism within academic institutions and occupations?
Lower wages for women compared to men
Which traits are typically used to describe 'Womanly jobs'?
Submissive, gentle, emotional
What term is used when individuals internalize sexist beliefs and attitudes?
Internalized Sexism
How does institutional sexism affect the educational opportunities of women compared to men?
Women are less likely to receive financial aid for education
Study Notes
Gender Dysphoria
- A diagnosis in the DSM-5 for people experiencing discomfort or distress due to a discrepancy between their gender identity and sex assigned at birth
- In adolescents and adults, diagnosis involves a difference between experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender, with significant distress or problems functioning lasting at least six months
- Diagnosis shown by at least two of the following:
- Marked incongruence between experienced/expressed gender and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics
- Strong desire to be rid of primary and/or secondary sex characteristics
- Strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sex characteristics of the other gender
- Strong desire to be of the other gender
- Strong desire to be treated as the other gender
- Strong conviction that one has the typical feelings and reactions of the other gender
Gender Identity and Expression
- Gender Identity: a person's deeply felt internal and individual experience of gender, which may or may not correspond with the sex assigned at birth
- Gender Expression: socially constructed roles and behaviors, often categorized as masculine or feminine
Genderqueer/Third Gender and Gender Fluidity
- Terms used by people who identify as being between and/or other than male or female
- Feeling restricted by gender labels, or identifying as neither, both, or beyond male and female
Traditional Gender Roles
- Societal expectations of men: strong, dominant, rational, assertive, and competent
- Societal expectations of women: gentle, passive, emotional, and nurturing
Heterosexuality and Homosexuality
- Heterosexuality: attraction to people of the "opposite" sex
- Homosexuality: attraction to people of the same sex
Sexual Prejudice
- Negative attitudes and feelings towards people with non-heterosexual sexualities
- Includes homophobia and transphobia
Institutional Sexism
- Manipulation or toleration of institutional policies that restrict opportunities for one sex as compared to the other
- Examples: occupational status, wage disparities, and access to education and financial aid
Learn about transphobia, homophobia, and internalized oppression in relation to LGBTQ individuals. Explore the negative attitudes and feelings that arise from nonconformity to traditional gender roles and heterosexual norms.
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