Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to the provided definition, which of the following scenarios best exemplifies leisure?
According to the provided definition, which of the following scenarios best exemplifies leisure?
- Practicing the piano diligently to prepare for a high-stakes music competition.
- Playing a game of chess purely for the enjoyment and mental stimulation it provides. (correct)
- Attending a mandatory company retreat for team building.
- Volunteering at a soup kitchen because it looks good on a resume.
Which of the following best describes the 'perceived freedom' element of a leisure experience?
Which of the following best describes the 'perceived freedom' element of a leisure experience?
- Feeling obligated to continue an activity despite a lack of enjoyment.
- Engaging in an activity because it is expected by one's social group.
- Having the autonomy to start and stop an activity based on personal will. (correct)
- Participating in structured activities with pre-determined schedules and rules.
How does an autotelic activity contribute to the leisure experience?
How does an autotelic activity contribute to the leisure experience?
- It ensures that the activity leads to a tangible reward or outcome.
- It provides intrinsic motivation, making the activity enjoyable for its own sake. (correct)
- It makes the activity more structured and goal-oriented.
- It increases the likelihood of external recognition and praise.
The 'beneficial outcome' element of leisure suggests:
The 'beneficial outcome' element of leisure suggests:
How does Stanley Parker's definition of 'leisure as residual time' influence our understanding of leisure?
How does Stanley Parker's definition of 'leisure as residual time' influence our understanding of leisure?
According to Jay B. Nash's paradigm, what consideration does he make of free time?
According to Jay B. Nash's paradigm, what consideration does he make of free time?
How does the concept of 'disequilibrium' initiate an activity, according to Tamotsu Shibutani?
How does the concept of 'disequilibrium' initiate an activity, according to Tamotsu Shibutani?
What role does the 'manipulation phase' play in the process of human activity, according to Shibutani?
What role does the 'manipulation phase' play in the process of human activity, according to Shibutani?
In the context of Shibutani's phases of activity, what signifies the 'consummation phase'?
In the context of Shibutani's phases of activity, what signifies the 'consummation phase'?
How do expressive acts differ from instrumental acts, as described in the discussion?
How do expressive acts differ from instrumental acts, as described in the discussion?
Why are leisure activities more likely to be classified as expressive acts rather than instrumental acts?
Why are leisure activities more likely to be classified as expressive acts rather than instrumental acts?
If the opposite of leisure is obligation, what does this imply about the mindset required for a true leisure experience?
If the opposite of leisure is obligation, what does this imply about the mindset required for a true leisure experience?
How can understanding the distinction between expressive and instrumental acts inform one's approach to leisure?
How can understanding the distinction between expressive and instrumental acts inform one's approach to leisure?
What best illustrates the 'impulsive phase' in the context of selecting a leisure activity?
What best illustrates the 'impulsive phase' in the context of selecting a leisure activity?
Considering the components of a leisure experience, what scenario would MOST clearly NOT be considered leisure?
Considering the components of a leisure experience, what scenario would MOST clearly NOT be considered leisure?
Flashcards
Leisure (definition)
Leisure (definition)
Permission to do as one pleases at one’s own pace, participate in an activity of one’s choice, and abandon the activity at will.
Perceived freedom
Perceived freedom
To start an experience at will and be able to leave it at will.
Autotelic Activity
Autotelic Activity
An activity engaged in for its own sake, not for external rewards.
Beneficial outcome
Beneficial outcome
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Leisure as Residual Time
Leisure as Residual Time
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Activity (definition)
Activity (definition)
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Impulsive Phase
Impulsive Phase
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Manipulation Phase
Manipulation Phase
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Consummation Phase
Consummation Phase
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Expressive Act
Expressive Act
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Instrumental Act
Instrumental Act
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Obligation (vs. Leisure)
Obligation (vs. Leisure)
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Study Notes
- Leisure comes from the Latin word "licēr," meaning "to permit or allow," which is also the root of "permission".
- Leisure involves doing as one pleases at their own pace, choosing activities, and being able to stop at any time.
Essential Elements of Leisure
- Perceived freedom, autotelic activity, and beneficial outcome are essential elements of leisure.
- Perceived Freedom: Starting and stopping an experience at will, exemplified by a Sunday trip to the beach.
- Work limits freedom of choice during the week.
- Autotelic Activity: Engaging in an activity for its own sake, not for external rewards.
- A dedicated amateur soccer player plays for love of the game, not for money.
- Beneficial Outcome: Expecting some benefit from an activity, like working out to lose weight or gain strength.
Leisure as Residual Time
- Stanley Parker, defined leisure as residual time, calculated by subtracting time spent working, sleeping, eating, and attending to physical needs from a 24-hour day.
- Residual time is what's left after fulfilling necessary tasks for existence and subsistence.
- Leisure is sometimes defined in terms of hours, days, and weeks.
- Jay B. Nash, a pioneer in recreation and leisure studies, explained levels of participation during free time and indicated the possibility of free time abuse.
Leisure as Activities
- Activity involves performing a specific deed or act.
- Human acts start with a condition of disequilibrium.
- Tamotsu Shibutani suggested analyzing human acts in functional units or phases.
Phases of Human Acts
- Impulsive, manipulation, and consummation phase
- Impulsive Phase: Disequilibrium sets an organism into motion until equilibrium is restored.
- Examples include physiological impulses like hunger, fatigue, or psychological pressures.
- Manipulation Phase: Manipulating oneself, others, or the environment after perceiving a means of achieving equilibrium.
- It includes agreeing it's time to eat, having enough money, finding a restaurant, and driving there if hungry while driving with someone.
- Consummation Phase: Equilibrium is restored in the final stage, such as eating when hungry.
- Striving ceases, and the organism is balanced again, except for physiological equilibrium.
Expressive and Instrumental Acts
- Expressive acts emphasize perception and manipulation, starting with an impulsive phase.
- Instrumental acts focus on consummation, also beginning with an impulsive phase.
- Instrumental acts are often associated with tasks like attending class, working, or doing chores.
- Expressive acts are linked to enjoyable pursuits such as hobbies, sports, and travel.
- Leisure activities are more likely expressive acts.
State of Mind in Leisure
- Leisure contrasts with obligation.
- Being at leisure requires freedom from external forces that prevent engaging in a chosen experience.
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