Understanding Learning and Knowledge Acquisition
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Questions and Answers

What does extinction refer to in the context of learning?

  • The process by which conditioned responses are strengthened
  • The process by which new behaviors are acquired
  • The process by which conditioned responses are lost (correct)
  • The process by which reinforcement is applied

    • According to Thorndike's S-R theory, what does the Law of Effect state?

  • Acts are hindered if followed by a satisfying change in the environment
  • Acts are hindered if followed by a punishment
  • Acts are repeated in similar situations if followed by a negative experience
  • Acts are repeated in similar situations if followed by a satisfying change in the environment (correct)

    • What is the focus of B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning theory?

  • The importance of punishment in learning
  • The significance of innate human needs
  • The concept of observational learning
  • The relation between behavior and its consequences (correct)

    • According to Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory, what is observational learning influenced by?

    <p>Models (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Bruner's Cognitive Learning Theory emphasize?

    <p>The construction of new ideas based on current/past knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Ornstein (1990) define learning?

    <p>A reflective process where the learner develops new insights or restructures mental processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Calderon (1998), what is learning?

    <p>The acquisition of new and more knowledge, skills, and attitudes through maturation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Pavlov's Classical Conditioning Theory primarily about?

    <p>The neutral stimulus causing a conditioned response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does stimulus generalization refer to in Classical Conditioning?

    <p>The conditioned response transferring to similar stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is discrimination in the context of Classical Conditioning?

    <p>Learning not to respond to similar stimuli in an identical manner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Thorndike's S-R theory, what does the Law of Effect state?

    <p>Acts followed by satisfying changes are more likely to be repeated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, what are negative reinforcers?

    <p>Escapes from unpleasant situations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory?

    <p>Learning from a model rather than consequences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to cognitive theories of learning, what is the main emphasis?

    <p>How information is processed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind Bruner's Cognitive Learning Theory?

    <p>Active construction of new ideas based on past knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Lardizabal (1991), what does learning enable the individual to do?

    <p>Meet specific aims and fulfill needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Classical Conditioning, what does stimulus generalization refer to?

    <p>The transfer of the conditioned response to other stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Ornstein (1990) define learning?

    <p>A reflective process whereby the learner either develops new insights and understanding or restructures his or her mental processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Calderon's (1998) definition of learning?

    <p>Making better and more adequate reactions, responses, and adjustments to new situations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Pavlov's Classical Conditioning Theory primarily about?

    <p>The association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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