Understanding Key Concepts Unit 4

Study Notes

Understanding Key Concepts:
- Get your head around = understand
- (Get the) spot on = exactly right
- Disdain = consider unworthy
- Stance = position (political stance)
- Norms = the things that are normal
- Do (them) down = criticise
- Purport = claim
- Diehards = those who refuse to change
- Usher in = lead in, help guide
- Pretentiousness = self-importance
- Get wound up = be excited, anxious
- Comprise = to consist of parts/members
- Mainstream = what's considered normal
- Die out = to disappear
- Non-conformist = inconformista
- Anti-establishment = against people/organizations in power
- Come to nothing = fail
- Conviction = being officially found guilty
- Exclusivity = exclusividad
- Fringe = the outer part of an area
- Get caught up in = become involved without wanting to
- Go further than that = extend beyond
- Stay buried = kept hidden/suppressed
- Subculture = a culture with its own norms
- The mind boggles = difficult to understand/imagine
- Up your game = improve quality
- Wane = become weaker
- Wholly = completely
- Be out to = be determined
- Store up = keep a lot of something

Clothing Adjectives:
- Bootcut = type of cut
- Embroidered = patterns sewn onto material
- Faded = descolorido
- Flared = acampanado
- Pleated = plisado
- Ripped = rasgado
- Scruffy = untidy/dirty
- Shabby = old and worn
- Skimpy = reveals much body
- Stylish = high quality in appearance
- Boiler hat = type of hat

Three-Part Phrasal Verbs:
- Catch up with = reach same quality
- Come up against = face a problem
- Face up to = confront
- Get away with = escape punishment
- Get out of = escape from a situation
- Get round to = finally find time for
- Go in for = habitually take part in
- Go on about = talk about something for a long time
- Go on at = criticize someone
- Live up to = meet expectations
- Read up on = spend time reading
- Stand up for = support
- Stay away from = avoid
- Talk down to = belittle
- Look up to = admire
- Come down to = most important part
- Hype = discussed/advertised to attract attention

Nouns from Phrasal Verbs:
- Breakdown = failure/collapse
- Breakthrough = significant advancement
- Buyout = acquiring controlling interest
- Cover-up = attempt to hide the truth
- Crackdown = severe measure to restrict
- Cutbacks = reductions in expenditure
- Downpour = heavy rainfall
- Downturn = decline
- Drawback = disadvantage
- Fallout = adverse effects of an event
- Feedback = information/criticism
- Hold-up = delay/robbery
- Intake = amount taken in
- Offspring = children/young of animals/plants
- Outcome = result/effect
- Outlay = spending/expenditure
- Outlook = forecast for the future
- Outset = beginning/start
- Setback = obstacle/delay
- Takeover = acquiring control
- Turnout = number of people attending
- Turnover = rate of employee replacement
- Upbringing = way a child is raised
- Workout = physical exercise session
- Outcry = strong public reaction

Phrases:
- All came to nothing = no significant success
- Be Handed your success on a plate = without effort
- Chuck sth away = throw away
- Hoard = collect large amounts
- Budding = beginning to develop
- Haul video = video showing and discussing products