Understanding IP Address Classes

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Questions and Answers

How many usable host addresses are available in a Class B network?

  • 254
  • 2,097,150
  • 65,534 (correct)
  • 16,777,214

Which of the following IP address ranges is reserved for private networks?

  • 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255
  • 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.1.255
  • 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (correct)
  • 10.0.0.0 - 10.0.0.255

What is the maximum decimal value for each octet in an IPv4 address?

  • 254
  • 255 (correct)
  • 128
  • 256

Which subnet mask is used by default for a Class A network?

<p>255.0.0.0 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between FLSM and VLSM subnetting?

<p>FLSM assigns equal-sized subnets, while VLSM assigns subnets of different sizes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which IPv4 address range is designated for experimental or research purposes?

<p>240-254 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the decimal representation of the binary octet 11111100?

<p>252 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In classful IP addressing, which part(s) of the IP address does VLSM consider when making routing decisions?

<p>Prefix and host parts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a network address is 172.168.0.0/22, what is the next network address in sequence?

<p>172.168.4.0 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the IP address 127.0.0.1 typically used?

<p>For loopback testing on the local machine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command mode allows you to set the hostname of a router?

<p>Global Configuration Mode (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the 'no shutdown' command in interface configuration?

<p>It administratively enables the interface. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a network with VLSM, if router R0 has 400 hosts and router R1 needs 600 hosts, which of the following subnet configurations would be most appropriate?

<p>R0:/23, R1:/22 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the copy running-config startup-config command on a Cisco router?

<p>It saves the current configuration so it persists after a reboot. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to verify basic IP connectivity between two devices?

<p>ping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which IPv4 address is NOT a valid host address?

<p>172.16.0.0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cable is typically used to connect a PC directly to another PC without the use of a switch or hub?

<p>Crossover Ethernet cable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wiring standard is commonly considered the default for twisted pair structured cabling?

<p>T568B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following scenarios would a straight-through Ethernet cable be appropriate?

<p>Connecting a switch to a router (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a technician is unsure which wiring standard to use when terminating an Ethernet cable, which is the recommended choice?

<p>T568B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A network administrator needs to connect two switches directly. Which type of Ethernet cable should be used?

<p>Crossover (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A network uses classful routing protocol. Which information is NOT sent along with routing updates?

<p>Subnet mask (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range for Class C IP addresses?

<p>192-223 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A network administrator configures a router interface with the command ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0. What does the 255.255.255.0 portion of the command define?

<p>The subnet mask (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which IPv4 address is reserved for multicast transmissions?

<p>224-239 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) in a network?

<p>To automatically assign IP addresses to devices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to view the current IP configuration of a Windows computer?

<p>ipconfig (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a valid private IP address in Class B that can be used within a Local Area Network (LAN)?

<p>172.16.0.1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

IPv4 Address

A 32-bit long address, represented in binary as a string of 1s and 0s, or in decimal separated by dots.

IP Address Classes

Class A: 1-126, Class B: 128-191, Class C: 192-223, Class D: 224-239, Class E: 240-254. Each class has a default subnet mask and a range of usable addresses.

Private IP Addresses

Class A: 10.0.0.0, Class B: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.0.0, Class C: 192.168.0.0. They are used for internal networks, not routable on the public internet.

FLSM vs VLSM

FLSM uses equal-sized subnets, while VLSM allows subnets of varying sizes to efficiently use IP addresses.

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Ping

A command-line utility to test the reachability of a host on an IP network.

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Configuration Mode Hierarchy

User>Privileged>Global>Interface.

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RJ45 Connector

A connector with 8 pins used to terminate Cat5e or Cat6 cable.

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Pinout

A specific arrangement of wires in RJ45 connector.

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Straight-Through Cable

Ethernet cable where the wiring on both ends follows the same standard (T568A or T568B).

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Crossover Cable

A cable where the wiring on one end follows T568A, and the other follows T568B.

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Study Notes

  • Summarized study notes for simple network configuration

IP Address Classes

  • Class A has a first octet decimal range of 1-126, a high order bit of 0, and a network/host ID of N.H.H.H.
    • Its default subnet mask is 255.0.0.0, supporting 126 networks and 16,777,214 usable host addresses.
  • Class B has a first octet decimal range of 128-191, high order bits of 10, and network/host ID of N.N.H.H
    • Uses a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, supporting 16,382 networks, 65,534 usable host addresses.
  • Class C has a first octet decimal range of 192-223, high order bits of 110, and a network / host ID of N.N.N.H.
    • The default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, and allows for 2,097,150 networks each with 254 usable addresses.

Reserved Classes

  • Class D is reserved for multicasting and has a first octet range of 224-239 and high order bits of 1110.
  • Class E is experimental and used for research, with a first octet range of 240-254 and high order bits of 1111.
  • Class A addresses 127.0.0.0 through 127.255.255.255 cannot be used, as they are reserved for loopback and diagnostic functions.

Private IP Addresses

  • Class A's private network is 10.0.0.0, an address range of 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255, and a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0.
  • Class B uses 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.0.0 as the private network, 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 for the address range, and 255.240.0.0 for the subnet mask.
  • Class C private IP addresses use 192.168.0.0, 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 address range, and a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.

IPv4 Address Structure

  • IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long.
  • In binary, they appear as a 32-bit string of 1s and 0s, arranged in four octets (eight bits) separated by dots, where each octet ranges from 00000000 to 11111111.
  • In decimal form, IPv4 addresses consist of four decimal numbers separated by dots, such as 192.168.1.1.
    • Each decimal number is between 0 and 255.

IPv4 Addressing

  • Class Full (FLSM): Subnetting is used where all subsets are of equal size with an equal number of host IDs.
    • Classful routing protocols do not send the subnet mask along with their updates.
    • IPv4 address has three parts: network, subnet, and host, as defined by the mask and class A, B, and C rules.
  • Class Less (VLSM): Variable Length Subnet Mask subnetting allows for different subnets to have different sizes.
    • VLSM is a subnetting method considered as subnetting a subset.
    • VLSM subnetting makes more efficient use of a given ID range.
    • Classless routing protocols do send the subnet mask along with their updates.
    • IPv4 addresses have two parts: the prefix and the host, identified by the subnet mask, without class consideration (A, B, or C).
    • Classless addressing disregards classes A, B, and C.

Network Example

  • An example Classless VLSM network address is 172.168.0.0 /16.
    • Router 0: 400 hosts and 300 hosts.
    • Router 1: 600 hosts and 500 hosts.
    • Router 2: 200 hosts and 100 hosts.
    • Router 3: 50 hosts and 25 hosts.
    • All routers use an 8 IP address.

Computation and Subnetting Example 1

  • The number of hosts for computation are is 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, 50, 25, 2, 2, 2, 2 @ 600, requiring 10 bits (512).
  • The number of subnet masks can be calculated by using 32 - 10 = 22, so NSM=/22.
  • The subnet mask is /22 or 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000.
    • Which converts to 255.255.252.0.
  • Range is 172.168.0.0 – 172.168.3.255 /22, using /22 subnet mask.
    • 172.168.4.0 becomes the next network address.

Computation and Subnetting Example 2

  • Using @500, and requiring 9 bits (512), NSM will be 32-9 = 23.
    • NSM=/23 = 11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000 = 255.255.254.0.
  • Therefore R is 172.168.4.0 -172.168.5.255/23.
    • 172.168.6.0 is the next network address.

Computer to Computer Configuration

  • Device PC0 has IP address 192.168.1.1 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.
  • Device PC1 has IP address 192.168.1.2 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.
  • Connectivity is tested via ipconfig and ping.

Computer to Router to Computer Configuration

  • PC0: IP address is 192.168.1.2, subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, default gateway is 192.168.1.1.
  • PC1: IP address is 192.168.2.2, subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, default gateway is 192.168.2.1.
  • ROUTER0 F 0/0: IP address is 192.168.1.1, subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
  • ROUTER0 F 1/0: IP address is 192.168.2.1, subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

Computer to Switch to Computer Configuration

  • PC0: IP address 192.168.1.1 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0.
  • PC1: IP address 192.168.1.2 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0.
  • The Switch requires the definition of the physical ports used with the IP addresses of the machines in each port.

Cabling

  • RJ45 connectors are eight-position modular connectors used for terminating Cat5e or Cat6 cables.
  • T568A and T568B are the two wiring standards for wiring ethernet cables.
    • T568B is the default wiring scheme for twisted pair structured cabling.

Cabling Types

  • Straight-through Ethernet cables are used for connecting:
    • Switch to router.
    • Switch to PC or server.
    • Hub to PC or server.
  • Crossover cables are used for:
    • Switch to switch.
    • Switch to hub.
    • Hub to hub.
    • Router to router.
    • Router Ethernet port to PC NIC.
    • PC to PC.

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