Understanding Intertextuality

Intertextuality

• Reference within text that uses another text and its core elements.
• Could modernize an old story.
• Examples include novels, plays, and short stories

Key Principles

• It's the method where one author builds on another's work.
• It happens when properties of an original work are re-used.
• A writer may be influenced by a prior writer.
• Can involve imitation and creation.

Common Examples

• Everyday allusions offer examples.
• "He was lying so obviously, you could almost see his nose growing" is one.
• "He's asking her to the prom. It's like a happy version of Romeo and Juliet" is another.
• "It's hard being an adult! Peter Pan had the right idea" is another.

Validating Intertext

• Consider if two or more stories are involved.
• Confirm if a direction connection is present.
• Affirmative anwsers suggest intertextuality.

Types of Intertextuality

Appropriation

• Adaptation updates an original text.
• Elements are often borrowed.
• Reinterpretation will reimagine the existing work.

Allusion

• Reference to text, person, place, or event
• Must connect with the audience

Types of Allusion:

• Literary:
  • Achilles' heel
  • Arrow of love which refers to to Cupid
  • Carrying the weight of the world alludes to Atlas
  • Pushing a boulder uphill is from Sisyphus
  • Hot as Hades is taken from the god of death
  • Looking like Venus references the goddess of beauty
  • Herculean effort pertains to Hercules
  • Opening Pandora's box and letting trouble out
  • Protean form of management alludes to Proteus
• Cultural:
  • Example of a person who "cannot stop staring at himself" alludes to Narcissus
  • Explanation: An ironical bow to elders which means to respect out elders, is ironically discrediting the addressed person of nature and second person
• Biblical:
  • The Bible provides a deep source of stories
  • Garden, Snake, flood, apple/fruit, Cross, great patience, fraternal competition, betrayal, generosity/philanthropy, slingshot are examples
• Historical

Parody

• Funny imitation of serious works is a parody.
• Meant to entertain

Critical Reading

• Reading beyond face value.
• Should not merely skim the text.
• It advances understanding.

Ways of Reading and Discussion

• What a text restatement explains.
• What a text does description is key.
• What a text means interpretation is the last one.

Goals of Critical Reading

• Ability to distinguish between fact and opinion
• Know the author's purpose
• The ability to make inferences
• Recognize the author's tone and pov
• Recognize persuasive technique

Evaluative Statements

• Used to explain the pros and cons of a subject
• Presents a value judgement based on criteria
• Use in sound judgement back with proof
• To explain why a subject is a strength or weakness based on evidence

Formulation

• Evaluative statements can be formed in a few steps
• Formulate assertions about the text after reading
• Respond by formulating a meaningful counterclaim

Pointers

• Start with positives, then go to negatives
• Keep statements factual, substantial, and unbiased.
• Negatives shouldn't sound insulting.
• Suggest solutions to improve the written material.
• Keep conciseness and preciseness.
• Remember evaluations judge authors work.
• Should always be written with care

Assertion and Its Types

• Knowing if claims are true or false is key.
• Serves as way for a reader to agree with claim by writer.

Assertions

• Declarative beliefs treated as true
• Expressed as an argument
• Assertions use language like useful, significant, and important

Types of Assertions

• Facts are objectively proven

Convention

• Traditions and norms are ways to be verified with law usage
• A fact from customs that can not accurately be measured

Opinion

• Hard to verify because of uncertainties
• Open to dispute with ambiguity
• Swimming examples

Preference

• Personal choice is given without obligation
• Cannot be logically attacked
• Example is the love of frequent trips to places with seawater

Counterclaims

• Rebuttals using formal statements
• Provide contrast

Assertion Types

Locating Counterclaims

• Show topic competence
• Consider many perspectives
• Engage points of view
• Clarify position

Elements of Argument

• Claims is the stand
• Counterclaim is the opposite
• Reasons are part of the claims
• Evidence is the statement that approves the claim

Assertions

• Declaration without evidence
• Made after consuming works

Writing Purpose

• Idea conveyance for acceptance

Forming Assertion Types

• Basic are straightforward
• Emphatic show feeling
• Language express feelings
• "I" expression and experience

Writing

• Determine paper type and literary work for stand