Understanding Intercultural Communication
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the primary impact of ethnocentrism on intercultural communication?

  • It facilitates open dialogue and mutual respect between different cultures.
  • It creates barriers by fostering biased perceptions and hindering effective interaction. (correct)
  • It encourages the adoption of foreign customs and values to bridge cultural gaps.
  • It promotes understanding and appreciation of diverse cultural practices.

Subcultures are exclusively defined by ethnicity and have no other distinguishing factors.

False (B)

Define ethnic identity and explain how it relates to the broader concept of culture.

Ethnic identity is the identification with a group sharing a common heritage and culture. It represents a specific cultural expression within a larger cultural context, contributing to the diversity and complexity of cultural landscapes.

__________ status (SES), which takes into account income, education, and occupation, can form the foundation for a subculture.

<p>Socioeconomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cultural types with their defining characteristic:

<p>Organizational Culture = Shared beliefs and values that shape understanding of organizational reality. Regional Culture = Variations in social attitudes, lifestyle, and communication based on geographic location. Ethnic Culture = Common heritage and traditions passed down through generations. Social-Class Culture = Practices dictated by socioeconomic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes intercultural communication?

<p>Interpersonal communication between individuals or groups from different cultural backgrounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cross-cultural communication focuses primarily on the interaction between individuals from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'global village' in the context of intercultural communication and globalization.

<p>The term 'global village' refers to the increasing interconnectedness of people worldwide due to advances in media and communication technologies, effectively 'shrinking' the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ is a process of removing government-imposed restrictions on movements between countries to create an 'open', 'borderless' world economy.

<p>globalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Intercultural Communication = Interaction between people from different cultural backgrounds. Cross-cultural Communication = Comparison of communication behaviors in different cultures. Globalization = Removal of restrictions to create a borderless world economy. Internalization = Adapting higher education to globalization challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does migration contribute to the importance of studying intercultural communication?

<p>It creates more opportunities for daily interactions with people from diverse backgrounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which academic discipline focuses primarily on the transfer of data and information from one location to another?

<p>Science (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genuine intercultural communication primarily focuses on information-sharing and recognizing cultural membership based solely on nationality.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how advances in transportation and communication technologies have influenced intercultural communication.

<p>These advances have increased interconnectedness, facilitating easier and more frequent interactions between people from different cultures, effectively shrinking the world and promoting a 'global village'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the communication process, the 'source' is defined as the intended target of the message.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process by which a receiver interprets a coded message and converts it back into meaning?

<p>decoding</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) __________ is an arbitrarily selected and learned stimulus that represents something else in the context of communication.

<p>symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of communication highlights that it requires active participation from at least two people?

<p>Interactive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the communication component with its corresponding description:

<p>Encoding = Converting concepts into a message using shared codes. Channel = The means by which messages move between individuals. Feedback = The receiver's response after receiving the message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The linear model of communication primarily emphasizes the subjectivity of communication.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Shannon and Weaver model, what is the main purpose of communication?

<p>To transfer information from one mind to another. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Edward Hall's definition, what is the most significant aspect of culture?

<p>The deep, common, unstated experiences shared by members of a group. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Culture is primarily transmitted through instinct rather than learning.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how communication and culture are interconnected.

<p>Communication and culture are intertwined, as communication is the process through which culture is learned, reinforced, and changed. Culture influences communication patterns, and communication, in turn, shapes and reflects cultural values and beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Culture functions as an integrated and complex ______.

<p>whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristic of culture with its correct description:

<p>Holistic = Functions as an integrated and complex whole. Learned = Acquired through experiences and assimilation, especially in early childhood. Dynamic = Subject to change over time, not fixed or static. Ethnocentric = Belief that one's own culture is superior to other cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the 'dynamic' characteristic of culture?

<p>A society integrates new technologies and adapts its customs over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The inner core of culture, including beliefs, values, and worldviews, is typically more resistant to change than its outer manifestations like technology and material objects.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'ethnocentrism' and explain its potential impact on intercultural communication.

<p>Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s own culture is superior to other cultures. It can hinder intercultural communication by creating bias, misunderstandings, and a lack of empathy towards different cultural perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Interactive Model of communication, what is a key characteristic of communicators?

<p>They simultaneously send and receive messages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The subjectivity of individuals involved in communication has no impact on how messages are encoded and decoded.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'context' relate to the different levels of communication study?

<p>Context brings together the different levels of communication study</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Walter Lippmann, culture encompasses people's interests, thoughts, and the ________ they appreciate.

<p>values</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the approach to the field of communication with its associated domain:

<p>Linguistic Approach = Humanities Quantitative Approach = Life and Social Sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'culture' is etymologically linked to which activity involving the land?

<p>Tilling the soil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The multidisciplinary nature of communication inherently leads to it being a fragmented field of study because of the many objects of study.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Other than agriculture and cultivate, give another modern English word that shares etymology with the latin word 'cultura'?

<p>colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Dale Carnegie, which of the following options are the primary ways in which we interact with and are judged by the world?

<p>Our actions, appearance, verbal communication, and non-verbal communication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Effective communication across cultures is becoming less important due to increasing globalization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for successful communication to occur between all parties involved, particularly across different cultures?

<p>a common 'language' or code</p> Signup and view all the answers

Communication serves multiple purposes, including accomplishing tasks, achieving goals, sharing understanding, exchanging information, and being both heard and ________.

<p>appreciated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the communication method with its corresponding type.

<p>Speaking = Auditory Sign language = Physical Writing = Physical Tone of voice = Auditory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technological advances has not significantly contributed to the expansion of human communication beyond traditional boundaries?

<p>Carrier Pigeon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is communication described as a 'family' concept rather than a unitary concept?

<p>Because communication includes components, from brain activity to physical actions and cultural dimensions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Communicating ethical concerns is unimportant for problem-solving across cultural boundaries because ethics are subjective.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Intercultural communication

Communication between people from different cultural backgrounds.

Types of cultural differences

Age, class, gender, ethnicity, language, race, nationality, and physical/mental ability.

Cross-cultural communication

Compares communication behaviors across cultures.

Intercultural communication (study)

Examines interactions between people from diverse backgrounds.

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Globalization

Removal of governmental restrictions to create an open world economy.

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Internationalization

Adapting education to meet global challenges and demands.

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Global Village

The world 'shrinking' due to increased interconnectedness through media.

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Impact of Migration

Increased daily interaction with people from diverse backgrounds.

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Source

The origin of the information being communicated.

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Message

The verbal or nonverbal expression of ideas, thoughts, or feelings.

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Channel

The means by which a message travels from sender to receiver.

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Receiver

The intended target of the message.

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Encoding

The process of converting thoughts into a message using shared codes.

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Decoding

The process of converting a coded message back into meaning.

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Noise

Anything that interferes with the receipt of a message.

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Feedback

The receiver's response after receiving the message.

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Culture (Edward Hall)

Shared experiences shaping how events are judged.

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Cultural Membership

Understanding 'desirable' and 'undesirable' behaviors in a system.

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Culture is Learned

Culture is acquired, not innate.

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Culture (Gramsci)

Creative meaning-making, constantly produced.

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Culture as a Web

Confines and facilitates social reality; product and process.

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Culture is Holistic

Culture functions as an integrated and complex whole.

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Learned Culture

Patterns of thinking, feeling, and potential acting which were learned.

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Ethnocentrism

Belief that one’s own culture is superior to other cultures.

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Intercultural Understanding

Understanding diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds is vital for global peace and cooperation.

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Ethical Communication

Communicating ethically involves considering what is right, good, and virtuous across different cultures.

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Four Aspects of Contact

Our interactions with the world are shaped by what we do, how we look, what we say, and how we say it.

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Common Language

Successful communication relies on a shared 'language' or code between all parties involved.

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Communication Modalities

Communication can occur through speaking, singing, body language, writing, and other means.

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Purposes of Communication

Accomplishing tasks, sharing understanding, and exchanging information are key purposes of communication.

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Need for Intercultural Competence

The need for competent intercultural communicators increases with expanding global interactions.

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Complexity of Communication

Greeting someone involves many complex components, made more complex with cultural differences

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Subcultures

Smaller groups within a dominant culture with distinct characteristics.

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Ethnic Identity

Identification with a group sharing common heritage and traditions.

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Social-Class Culture

A subculture based on income, education, occupation which impact lifestyle.

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Organizational Culture

Shared beliefs and values within an organization, created through communication.

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Subjectivity in Communication

Individuals' perceptions and experiences shape encoding/decoding, leading to variations in message interpretation.

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Interactive Communication Model

The interactive model sees communication as a simultaneous exchange where communicators are both senders and receivers.

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Communication Context

Communication context is whatever surrounds a communicative exchange that shapes its meaning.

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Approaches to Communication Theory

Communication studies uses linguistic (humanities) and quantitative (sciences) approaches.

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Definition of Culture

Culture encompasses interests, thoughts, models, values, and overall quality of life within a community.

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Origin of the word 'Culture'

Rooted in the Latin 'colere' (to till), originally referred to tending to crops/animals.

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Components of culture

Culture includes thoughts, books, speeches, controversies and scientific training.

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Evolution of 'Culture' Definition

It expanded to incorporate ideas related to the human mind and a state of being ‘cultivated’.

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Study Notes

  • Intercultural communication involves communication between individuals or groups from different cultural backgrounds, considering cultural and linguistic environments.
  • Intercultural communication goes beyond information sharing; it recognizes the interpersonal aspects of relationship building across diverse backgrounds.

Cross-cultural vs. Intercultural Communication

  • Cross-cultural communication compares communication behaviors and patterns in two or more cultures
  • Intercultural communication involves interaction between people from different cultural backgrounds.

Reasons to Study Language and Intercultural Communication

  • Globalization involves removing government-imposed restrictions to create an open, borderless world economy.
  • Internalization systematically aims to make higher education responsive to globalization-related requirements and challenges.
  • Advances in transportation and communication technologies have led to the concept of a "global village"
  • The global village coined by Marshall McLuhan (1962) describes how the world is becoming increasingly interconnected through media and communication advances.
  • Changing demographics, migration increases daily interaction with people from diverse backgrounds, making intercultural skills vital.
  • As the world becomes more interdependent, understanding people from diverse backgrounds is vital for peace.
  • Ethics in intercultural communication involves decision-makers communicating ethically across cultural boundaries.

Multifaceted Nature of Communication

  • Communication requires a shared 'language' or code, involving auditory and physical means.
  • Communication involves sharing who people are and what people know.
  • Communication media has undergone tremendous changes due to advances in information technology.
  • Communication is a 'family' concept rather than a unitary one due to its multifaceted nature.
  • Neurologists study the brain during communication.
  • Psychologists examine perception-related issues.
  • Philosophers are interested in whether communication is essential to thought.
  • Anthropologists focus on if communication is universal.
  • Scientists study the transfer of data and information.
  • Communication researchers study understanding and meaning through verbal or nonverbal symbols.

Components of Communication

  • Source: Origin of information.
  • Message: Verbal/nonverbal ideas, thoughts, or feelings.
  • Channel: Means of message conveyance.
  • Receiver: Intended target of the message.
  • Encoding: Source converts concepts/feelings into a message.
  • Decoding: Receiver converts the coded message into meaning.
  • Noise: Interferes with message receipt.
  • Feedback: Receiver's response after receiving the message.

Characteristics of Communication

  • Dynamic process with no clear beginning or end.
  • Interactive, requires at least two participants.
  • Symbolic, uses arbitrarily selected stimuli.
  • Contextual, dependent on the situation.

Models of Communication

The Linear Model: Shannon and Weaver

  • The Transmission Model views communication transfers information from one mind to another.
  • This model is useful for distinguishing between communication sources and receivers.
  • Views communication as a linear process, while being alert to the ever-present danger of distortion.
  • Major changes emphasize the subjectivity of communication; perceptions and past experiences filter encoding/decoding.
  • Subjectivity is why receivers seldom decode messages with the same meaning as the source.

The Interactive Model: Wilbur Schramm

  • Decoding and encoding are maintained simultaneously by the sender and receiver.
  • There is provision for a two-way interchange of messages.
  • Recognizing that communicators send and receive messages simultaneously rather than exclusively.
  • Communication acts take place through different levels of communication study: intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organization, and mass
  • Development of communication theories has been informed by linguistic and quantitative approaches.

Culture

  • Culture includes interests, thoughts, models, books, speeches, table talk, gossip, controversies, historical sense, scientific training, values, and the quality of life.
  • Originates from the Latin word 'CULTURA'/'COLERE', denoting 'TO TILL'.
  • Shares etymology with agriculture, cultivate, and colony.
  • Those deep, common, unstated experiences shared which members of a given culture communicate.
  • Being a member of a cultural group implies that you have been nurtured by its core values.
  • Culture is not instinctive or innate; culture is learned, and so communication and culture are intertwined.
  • Being a member of a cultural group implies being nurtured by its core values.
  • Culture is the dynamic, meaning-making process that produces and reproduces multiple groups
  • Culture confines members to their social reality and facilitates functioning, its both a product and a process.
  • The characteristics of culture provides contexts for behavior.

Characteristics of Culture

  • Culture is HOLISTIC in that it functions as a integrated and complex as a whole.
  • Culture is LEARNED.
  • Culture is DYNAMIC, and can be subject to change over time.
  • Culture is ETHNOCENTRIC, it involves the belief that one's own culture is superior to other cultures.

Subcultures

  • Within any dominant culture, there are microcultures, often referred to as subcultures.

Ethnic culture

  • Ethnicity is the basis of a subculture within a larger national culture.
  • Ethnic identity refers to identification with a group with shared heritage and culture.

Social-Class Culture

  • Socioeconomic status (SES) can be a subculture.
  • SES is derived from a person's income, education, occupation, residential area, and family background.

Organizational Culture

  • Through communication: beliefs and values develop into shared interpretations; these expectations form organizational culture.

Regional Culture

  • Regional differences imply differences in social attitudes, lifestyle, food preferences, and communication.

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Intercultural Communication PDF

Description

Intercultural communication involves interaction between people from different cultural backgrounds. It considers the complexities and interpersonal aspects of relationship building across diverse backgrounds. Globalization and advances in technology highlight the importance of studying intercultural communication.

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