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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the Health Beliefs Model?
What is the result of disability in the social context?
According to the Health Beliefs Model, which factor may affect a patient's treatment participation?
What is the main difference between impairment and disability?
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Which of the following is an example of impairment?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that may affect a patient's treatment participation according to the Health Beliefs Model?
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What is the primary goal of cognitive-based interventions in medication adherence?
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Which type of intervention assumes that behavior is learned and can be modified?
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What is the main focus of motivational interviewing in medication adherence?
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What is a characteristic of the sick role, according to Talcott Parsons?
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What is the primary focus of compliance therapy in medication adherence?
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Which concept is described by the American sociologist Talcott Parsons?
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What is abnormal illness behaviour characterized by?
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Which of the following factors can influence an individual's response to illness?
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What is the term for excessive illness-affirming behaviour, where an individual fabricates or exaggerates symptoms?
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What is the primary focus of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH)?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence an individual's response to illness?
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What is the term for the persistence of a maladaptive mode of experiencing and responding to one's own health status?
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Study Notes
Abnormal Illness Behaviour
- Defined as the persistence of maladaptive modes of experiencing, perceiving, evaluating, and responding to one's own health status, despite a doctor's lucid and accurate diagnosis and management plan.
- Can be excessive illness-affirming (e.g., Somatoform or malingering) or denying behaviors (e.g., loss of insight in psychosis).
Factors Influencing Individual Response to Illness
- Symptom visibility and perceived importance
- Assessment of symptom's significance
- Potential for symptoms to disrupt community
- Symptom denial due to fear of confirmation of serious illness
- Deferring response to symptoms because of competing social demands
- Assessment of social and economic costs of responding to symptoms vs. potential health-related benefits
- Available information, knowledge, and cultural assumptions and understandings
- Symptom frequency and persistence
- Competing interpretations of symptoms
International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH)
- Provides a descriptive conceptual framework of consequences of illnesses
- Impairment: interference with structural or psychological functions (e.g., loss of an arm's function due to fracture)
- Disability: interference with activities of the whole person in relation to the immediate environment (e.g., not able to cook for oneself due to fracture)
- Handicap: social disadvantage resulting from disability (e.g., loss of work and inability to meet friends due to restricted driving secondary to fracture)
Health Beliefs Model
- Patients have their own beliefs about disease risks and treatment benefits
- Factors affecting treatment participation:
- Patient's beliefs about severity of condition
- Patient's beliefs about susceptibility to disease or complications
- Patient's beliefs about costs of treatment adherence
- Patient's beliefs about benefits of treatment adherence
- Patient's beliefs about environmental and social cues to action
Medication Adherence
Improving Adherence
- Behaviour-modification interventions: providing instructions and strategies to improve adherence
- Motivational interviewing: enabling patients to express personal reasons for and against improving treatment adherence
- Compliance therapy: a brief intervention combining motivational interviewing and cognitive approaches
Sick Role
- Concept described by Talcott Parsons
- 4 characteristics:
- Sick person is freed or exempted from carrying out normal social roles
- Sick person is not directly responsible for their disease
- Sick role is granted to everyone in society, regardless of social status
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Description
Test your knowledge of the differences between impairment, disability, and handicap. This quiz covers the definitions and examples of each, including how they affect daily life and social interactions.
