Understanding Impairment, Disability, and Handicap
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the Health Beliefs Model?

  • The structural or psychological functions of the body
  • The patient's beliefs about disease risks and treatment benefits (correct)
  • The social disadvantages resulting from a disability
  • The activities of daily living affected by an impairment

    • What is the result of disability in the social context?

  • Sick role
  • Illness Behaviour
  • Impairment
  • Handicap (correct)

    • According to the Health Beliefs Model, which factor may affect a patient's treatment participation?

  • The cost of treatment adherence alone
  • The fracture itself
  • Patient's beliefs about the severity of their condition (correct)
  • Medical determination of disease information

    • What is the main difference between impairment and disability?

    <p>Impairment affects activities, while disability affects the whole person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of impairment?

    <p>Loss of an arm's function due to a fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that may affect a patient's treatment participation according to the Health Beliefs Model?

    <p>Medical determination of disease information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of cognitive-based interventions in medication adherence?

    <p>To influence the patient's attitudes and beliefs towards medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intervention assumes that behavior is learned and can be modified?

    <p>Behaviour-modification interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of motivational interviewing in medication adherence?

    <p>To explore the patient's ambivalence towards medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the sick role, according to Talcott Parsons?

    <p>The sick person is exempted from carrying out normal social roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of compliance therapy in medication adherence?

    <p>To explore the patient's ambivalence towards medication and discuss the pros and cons of medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is described by the American sociologist Talcott Parsons?

    <p>Sick role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is abnormal illness behaviour characterized by?

    <p>Persisting in a maladaptive mode despite a clear diagnosis and management plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can influence an individual's response to illness?

    <p>The perceived importance of symptoms and the potential for symptoms to disrupt community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for excessive illness-affirming behaviour, where an individual fabricates or exaggerates symptoms?

    <p>Malingering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH)?

    <p>Consequences of illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence an individual's response to illness?

    <p>The patient's medical history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the persistence of a maladaptive mode of experiencing and responding to one's own health status?

    <p>Abnormal illness behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Abnormal Illness Behaviour

    • Defined as the persistence of maladaptive modes of experiencing, perceiving, evaluating, and responding to one's own health status, despite a doctor's lucid and accurate diagnosis and management plan.
    • Can be excessive illness-affirming (e.g., Somatoform or malingering) or denying behaviors (e.g., loss of insight in psychosis).

    Factors Influencing Individual Response to Illness

    • Symptom visibility and perceived importance
    • Assessment of symptom's significance
    • Potential for symptoms to disrupt community
    • Symptom denial due to fear of confirmation of serious illness
    • Deferring response to symptoms because of competing social demands
    • Assessment of social and economic costs of responding to symptoms vs. potential health-related benefits
    • Available information, knowledge, and cultural assumptions and understandings
    • Symptom frequency and persistence
    • Competing interpretations of symptoms

    International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH)

    • Provides a descriptive conceptual framework of consequences of illnesses
    • Impairment: interference with structural or psychological functions (e.g., loss of an arm's function due to fracture)
    • Disability: interference with activities of the whole person in relation to the immediate environment (e.g., not able to cook for oneself due to fracture)
    • Handicap: social disadvantage resulting from disability (e.g., loss of work and inability to meet friends due to restricted driving secondary to fracture)

    Health Beliefs Model

    • Patients have their own beliefs about disease risks and treatment benefits
    • Factors affecting treatment participation:
    • Patient's beliefs about severity of condition
    • Patient's beliefs about susceptibility to disease or complications
    • Patient's beliefs about costs of treatment adherence
    • Patient's beliefs about benefits of treatment adherence
    • Patient's beliefs about environmental and social cues to action

    Medication Adherence

    Improving Adherence

    • Behaviour-modification interventions: providing instructions and strategies to improve adherence
    • Motivational interviewing: enabling patients to express personal reasons for and against improving treatment adherence
    • Compliance therapy: a brief intervention combining motivational interviewing and cognitive approaches

    Sick Role

    • Concept described by Talcott Parsons
    • 4 characteristics:
    • Sick person is freed or exempted from carrying out normal social roles
    • Sick person is not directly responsible for their disease
    • Sick role is granted to everyone in society, regardless of social status

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the differences between impairment, disability, and handicap. This quiz covers the definitions and examples of each, including how they affect daily life and social interactions.

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