Questions and Answers
A directional hypothesis predicts the direction of the relationship between variables.
True
What term is used for a hypothesis that states there will be no difference between conditions?
null hypothesis
What is a characteristic of a hypothesis?
A non-directional hypothesis predicts that ______ will be related to another variable.
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Which type of hypothesis would you use if previous research is contradictory?
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Alternative hypotheses can only predict relationships, not differences.
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Provide an example of a directional hypothesis concerning gender and self-esteem.
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The hypothesis predicting that young people will do better in a ______ test than older people is directional.
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Match the following types of hypotheses with their definitions:
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What type of hypothesis is often used when prior studies suggest a specific result?
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Study Notes
Hypothesis Overview
- A hypothesis is a testable statement predicting outcomes of research.
- Hypotheses must be falsifiable; if not, it can lead to multiple alternative hypotheses being accepted.
Types of Hypotheses
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Directional Hypothesis (One-tailed)
- Predicts the specific direction of the relationship between variables.
- Examples include:
- Young people will perform better on memory tests than older people.
- Women will score higher than men on Hudson's self-esteem scale.
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Non-directional Hypothesis (Two-tailed)
- Predicts that a relationship exists between variables but does not specify the direction.
- Examples include:
- There will be a difference between young and older people in memory test performance.
- There will be a difference in Hudson's self-esteem scale scores by gender.
Experimental/Alternative Hypothesis
- The experimental/alternative hypothesis predicts a relationship or difference between variables.
- Directional hypotheses are preferred when previous research suggests expected outcomes.
- Non-directional hypotheses are used when there's no prior research or research presents conflicting results.
Null Hypothesis
- The null hypothesis states there will be no observed difference between the conditions being studied.
- Examples include:
- There will be no difference in memory test performance between young and older people.
- There will be no difference in Hudson's self-esteem scale scores between men and women.
- Suggests that any observed differences are due to chance.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of hypotheses in research, focusing on their testability and falsifiability. It covers directional and non-directional hypotheses, providing examples for better understanding. Test your knowledge on how hypotheses guide scientific inquiry.
