Understanding Hypothesis in Research Methods
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Questions and Answers

A directional hypothesis predicts the direction of the relationship between variables.

True

What term is used for a hypothesis that states there will be no difference between conditions?

null hypothesis

What is a characteristic of a hypothesis?

  • It is always directional
  • It should be falsifiable (correct)
  • It cannot predict relationships
  • It must be non-testable
  • A non-directional hypothesis predicts that ______ will be related to another variable.

    <p>a difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypothesis would you use if previous research is contradictory?

    <p>Non-directional hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alternative hypotheses can only predict relationships, not differences.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of a directional hypothesis concerning gender and self-esteem.

    <p>Women will have higher scores than men on Hudson's self-esteem scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hypothesis predicting that young people will do better in a ______ test than older people is directional.

    <p>memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of hypotheses with their definitions:

    <p>Directional hypothesis = Predicts a specific direction of a relationship Non-directional hypothesis = Indicates a difference without specifying direction Null hypothesis = Predicts no difference between conditions Alternative hypothesis = Predicts a difference or relationship in an investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypothesis is often used when prior studies suggest a specific result?

    <p>Directional hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hypothesis Overview

    • A hypothesis is a testable statement predicting outcomes of research.
    • Hypotheses must be falsifiable; if not, it can lead to multiple alternative hypotheses being accepted.

    Types of Hypotheses

    • Directional Hypothesis (One-tailed)

      • Predicts the specific direction of the relationship between variables.
      • Examples include:
        • Young people will perform better on memory tests than older people.
        • Women will score higher than men on Hudson's self-esteem scale.
    • Non-directional Hypothesis (Two-tailed)

      • Predicts that a relationship exists between variables but does not specify the direction.
      • Examples include:
        • There will be a difference between young and older people in memory test performance.
        • There will be a difference in Hudson's self-esteem scale scores by gender.

    Experimental/Alternative Hypothesis

    • The experimental/alternative hypothesis predicts a relationship or difference between variables.
    • Directional hypotheses are preferred when previous research suggests expected outcomes.
    • Non-directional hypotheses are used when there's no prior research or research presents conflicting results.

    Null Hypothesis

    • The null hypothesis states there will be no observed difference between the conditions being studied.
    • Examples include:
      • There will be no difference in memory test performance between young and older people.
      • There will be no difference in Hudson's self-esteem scale scores between men and women.
    • Suggests that any observed differences are due to chance.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concept of hypotheses in research, focusing on their testability and falsifiability. It covers directional and non-directional hypotheses, providing examples for better understanding. Test your knowledge on how hypotheses guide scientific inquiry.

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