Understanding Human Error in Maintenance
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Questions and Answers

What is the first type of error that is defined in aviation maintenance?

  • Active error (correct)
  • Critical error
  • Violative error
  • Latent error
  • Which of the following statements accurately describes a slip?

  • An intentional deviation from protocol.
  • A good plan poorly executed. (correct)
  • A miscalculation of figures.
  • A defect in planning.
  • What defines a violation in aviation maintenance?

  • An oversight in recording work procedures.
  • A minor mistake that goes unnoticed.
  • A failure to understand instructions.
  • A serious deviation from established safety practices. (correct)
  • Which example represents a latent error?

    <p>Choosing not to wear safety gear. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing human error considered a safety frontier in aviation?

    <p>Human errors are more complex and unpredictable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many possible combinations are there when reassembling the nut and bolt assembly discussed?

    <p>40,000 combinations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of human error?

    <p>An unsafe act unintentionally committed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should be taken when latent conditions that may lead to error are observed?

    <p>Report them to management immediately. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between acute stress and chronic stress?

    <p>Acute stress is a reaction to a specific event, whereas chronic stress persists over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Iceberg Model' illustrate in relation to human error?

    <p>Minor human errors are often overlooked while serious errors gain more attention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Maintenance Error Decision Aid (MEDA) process?

    <p>To understand and minimize human errors through documentation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) play in human error?

    <p>They influence human performance and can either increase or decrease error probability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by high exposure to noise in the workplace?

    <p>High noise can lead to increased rates of errors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of stress?

    <p>Different individuals may exhibit various signs of stress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of identifying contributing factors in the MEDA process?

    <p>To determine corrective actions based on those factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about stressors is true?

    <p>Stressors can be both short-term and long-term varying in their impact. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a serious airliner event in relation to the 'Iceberg Model'?

    <p>It represents the visible tip of a larger problem below the surface. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding corrective actions?

    <p>Corrective actions should be generic and applied uniformly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Dirty Dozen' in the context of maintenance errors?

    <p>The 12 most common causes of human error in maintenance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does lack of teamwork refer to?

    <p>The failure of a group to work together towards a goal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a common result of performing tasks repetitively?

    <p>Complacency leading to oversights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contributing factor to human error related to communication?

    <p>Failure to pay attention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source of pressure in maintenance settings?

    <p>Close deadlines for tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can fatigue potentially affect maintenance work?

    <p>It can impair physical strength and mental ability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes 'norms' in an organization?

    <p>They are accepted work practices not formally documented. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does lack of assertiveness in a worker indicate?

    <p>They avoid communication about necessary issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of distractions could affect maintenance work?

    <p>Thoughts, noise, and outside interruptions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is lack of knowledge considered a serious issue in maintenance?

    <p>It is often compounded by communication failures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that distraction can be managed in maintenance?

    <p>By accepting distractions and finding coping strategies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about stress in the workplace?

    <p>It can lead to better performance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from complacency during routine maintenance tasks?

    <p>Overconfidence leading to mistakes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should workers do when faced with a lack of resources?

    <p>Speak up about the resource issue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Human Error

    A human action with unintended consequences that leads to an unsafe outcome.

    Slip

    A poor execution of a correct plan.

    Mistake

    A faulty plan or strategy that leads to an error.

    Violation

    An intentional deviation from safety procedures, standards, or regulations.

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    Active Error

    A direct action by an individual that leads to an error.

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    Latent Error

    Underlying factors within a system that contribute to an error.

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    The Dirty Dozen

    A list of 12 common human error factors.

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    Maintenance Error Decision Aid (MEDA)

    A systematic approach for investigating maintenance errors, helping to identify contributing factors and prevent future occurrences.

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    Acute stress

    Stress caused by a short-term situation, such as a difficult repair that needs to be done quickly.

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    Chronic stress

    Stress caused by a long-term situation, such as a divorce or other personal problems.

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    Iceberg Model

    The visible tip of an iceberg represents a serious error event, while the hidden base represents the multitude of daily minor errors that occur.

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    MEDA (Maintenance Error Decision Aid)

    A process for investigating and analyzing maintenance errors, aiming to identify contributing factors and implement corrective actions.

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    Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs)

    Factors that can increase or decrease the likelihood of human error. They can be related to the environment, personal characteristics, or the task itself.

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    Event Investigation

    A documented description of an event, incident, or accident where a maintenance error was involved.

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    Noise

    A contributing factor that is frequently found in human error investigations, often leading to communication problems and increased error rates.

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    What are the "Dirty Dozen"?

    The 12 most common causes of human error in maintenance, identified by Mr. Gordon Dupont at Transport Canada.

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    Lack of Communication

    A failure in exchanging information effectively, leading to misunderstandings or missed details.

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    Lack of Teamwork

    When individuals or groups fail to work together effectively toward a common goal, leading to inefficiency and potential errors.

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    Norms in Maintenance

    The unspoken but widely accepted practices and procedures within an organization, often shaping the culture and influencing behavior.

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    Pressure in Maintenance

    The pressure to perform quickly or to meet deadlines, often leading to rushed decisions and potential errors.

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    Complacency

    A feeling of overconfidence and lack of awareness of potential risks, leading to carelessness and potential errors.

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    Lack of Knowledge

    Lack of the necessary knowledge or skills to perform a task correctly, increasing the likelihood of errors.

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    Lack of Awareness

    Failure to pay attention to surroundings or crucial information required to perform a task safely and accurately.

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    Lack of Resources

    Not having the necessary resources such as tools, manuals, or time to perform a task properly.

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    Lack of Assertiveness

    The hesitation to speak up about concerns or potential issues, leading to errors or unsafe practices.

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    Fatigue

    A state of physical or mental exhaustion that can impair judgment, concentration, and reaction time, leading to errors.

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    Stress

    A state of emotional and mental stress that can negatively impact decision-making and increase the likelihood of errors.

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    Assertiveness

    The ability to recognize and respond to situations that require action to prevent errors.

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    Distraction

    Any factor that distracts from completing the task at hand, leading to errors or incomplete actions.

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    Multitasking

    A worker taking on multiple tasks at once, potentially compromising their attention to details, leading to errors.

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    Study Notes

    Definition of Human Error

    • Human error is an action with unintended consequences.
    • It's an unsafe act committed unintentionally.
    • Errors can be slips (poor execution of a good plan) or mistakes (bad plans).
    • Violations are serious mistakes; deviating from safe practices, procedures, standards, or regulations.

    Types of Errors

    • Active error: The specific individual action that's the obvious event.
    • Latent error: Company issues leading to the event; for example, broken equipment or lack of proper resources.

    The "Dirty Dozen"

    • A list of the 12 most common causes of human error in maintenance.

    • Developed by Gordon Dupont at Transport Canada.

    • Eliminating these causes can significantly reduce maintenance-related events.

    • Lack of Communication: A particularly common type of error.

    • Lack of Teamwork: Failure of a group to work together toward a common goal.

    • Norms: Commonly accepted work practices; often not written down.

    • Pressure: Can come from self-imposed demands, managers, or co-workers. Often related to deadlines.

    • Complacency: Overconfidence arising from repeated tasks; a sense of automaticity.

    • Lack of Knowledge: Failure to consult manuals, collaborate, or communicate known deficiencies; compounded by fatigue.

    • Lack of Awareness: Failure to pay attention to potential hazards, obstacles, or surroundings.

    • Lack of Resources: Lack of necessary tools, manuals, parts, or personnel; often exacerbated by other errors.

    • Distraction: Mental and environmental distractions (noise, thoughts, co-workers).

    • Lack of Assertiveness: Failing to speak up when necessary, or to identify unsafe conditions.

    • Fatigue: A significant contributing factor, negatively impacting physical strength and mental concentration. Fatigue occurs in two forms: chronic and acute.

    • Stress: A psychological or sometimes physical condition caused by stressors; can be short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic).

    Examples of Errors

    • Transposing numbers: Reading 26 instead of 62.
    • Selecting the wrong work instructions: Incorrect job instructions.
    • Using a broken ladder: Active error is falling. Latent error is a broken ladder.
    • Neglecting to use a safety device: A latent error is when the parts room was closed, and the worker was not provided with a needed safety device.

    Event Investigations – MEDA

    • Maintenance Error Decision Aid (MEDA): A process for investigating human error.
    • It documents, classifies, and understands errors.
    • Aims to minimize errors by identifying contributing factors and appropriate corrective actions.
    • The goal is to reduce costly, unsafe events.

    Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs)

    • Influences that affect human performance and the likelihood of error; environmental, personal, and task-oriented influences.
    • Understanding and managing PSFs is key to reducing error and increasing reliability.

    Noise

    • Exposure to high noise levels is harmful and cumulative.
    • Noise interferes with communication and increases the chance of error.
    • OSHA requires hearing protection above certain decibel levels.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the definition and types of human error, focusing on their implications in maintenance settings. It particularly highlights the 'Dirty Dozen' — a list of common causes of human error identified by Gordon Dupont. Enhance your knowledge on error management and improve safety standards.

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