Understanding Heart Contractions and ESV-SV Relationship Quiz

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What is the formula for stroke volume (SV)?

SV = EDV - ESV

What is the average stroke volume (SV) per beat?

Approximately 70 mL

What is the relationship between end-diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume (SV)?

SV = EDV - ESV

What happens to end-systolic volume (ESV) when you start exercising?

ESV drops Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of end-diastolic volume (EDV) in the given scenario?

110 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of end-systolic volume (ESV) in the given scenario?

20 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation to calculate stroke volume (SV)?

SV = EDV - ESV Signup and view all the answers

What is the factor that determines preload in stroke volume (SV) calculation?

The degree of stretching experienced by the heart muscle cell during diastole Signup and view all the answers

What is the factor that determines venous return in stroke volume (SV) calculation?

The amount of blood that returns to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of gravity on venous return to the heart?

Gravity affects the amount of blood getting returned to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the muscle pump in the cardiovascular system?

The muscle pump helps increase stroke volume from standing to running by increasing venous return. Signup and view all the answers

How does the sympathetic nervous system affect venous return?

The sympathetic nervous system causes vasoconstriction in the veins, forcing more blood back up and increasing venous return. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Frank-Starling mechanism?

The Frank-Starling mechanism is the increased force of contraction of the heart due to increased stretch in the ventricles, caused by increased blood volume in the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What is contractility?

Contractility is the ability of the heart to contract harder, which is increased by sympathetic nervous system activity and catecholamines. Signup and view all the answers

What is afterload?

Afterload is the pressure that the heart has to pump against to get blood out of it. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ejection fraction?

The ejection fraction is the percentage of blood that was ejected from the heart. It is calculated as stroke volume divided by end diastolic volume. Signup and view all the answers

How does exercise affect stroke volume?

Moderate exercise increases stroke volume, while heavy exercise causes a dip in stroke volume due to increased blood flow to the skin and sweating. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the heart rate decrease during parasympathetic nervous system activity?

The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate by releasing acetylcholine, which slows down the firing rate of the sinoatrial (SA) node. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Bainbridge reflex?

The Bainbridge reflex is an increase in heart rate due to stretching of atrial cells in response to increased venous return. Signup and view all the answers

What is the heart rate-pressure product (RPP)?

The heart rate-pressure product (RPP) is the product of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR), and it represents the work the heart has to do. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between resistance and pressure?

Resistance and pressure are directly proportional. If pressure increases, resistance will also increase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between resistance and flow?

Resistance and flow are inversely proportional. If flow decreases, resistance will increase. Signup and view all the answers

What is Poiseuille's Law?

Poiseuille's Law describes the relationship between flow rate, pressure, radius, fluid viscosity, and tubing length. It is given by the equation $Q = \frac{\pi r^4 \Delta P},{8 \eta l}$, where $Q$ is the flow rate, $r$ is the radius, $\Delta P$ is the pressure difference, $\eta$ is the fluid viscosity, and $l$ is the tubing length. Signup and view all the answers

How does vessel diameter influence blood flow rate?

Vessel diameter has a significant influence on blood flow rate. According to Poiseuille's Law, an increase in vessel diameter will result in an increase in blood flow rate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between viscosity and flow rate?

Viscosity and flow rate are inversely proportional. An increase in viscosity will lead to a decrease in flow rate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between resistance and conductance?

Resistance and conductance are inversely related. Conductance is the inverse of resistance. Therefore, an increase in resistance will lead to a decrease in conductance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for blood flow?

Blood flow is given by the equation $Flow = \frac{Pressure},{Resistance}$. Signup and view all the answers

What is Reynold's number?

Reynold's number is a measure of the flow regime in a fluid. It takes into account factors such as viscosity, density, velocity, and characteristic length. It is given by the equation $Re = \frac{\rho v d},{\eta}$, where $\rho$ is the density, $v$ is the velocity, $d$ is the characteristic length, and $\eta$ is the fluid viscosity. Signup and view all the answers

What is vasomotion?

Vasomotion refers to spontaneous changes in vessel diameter that occur independently of heart rate and innervation. It is regulated by factors such as metabolic demand and is characterized by alternating periods of vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Signup and view all the answers

How does exercise affect blood flow distribution?

During exercise, there is a change in blood flow distribution. The active muscles receive more blood flow, while other organs may receive less blood flow. Signup and view all the answers