Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to Theodore Levitt's perspective on globalization, which of the following is a key characteristic?
According to Theodore Levitt's perspective on globalization, which of the following is a key characteristic?
- The free exchange of goods, services, and culture between countries. (correct)
- The isolation of national cultures to prevent homogenization.
- The restriction of movement for highly skilled workers and professionals across borders.
- The strict enforcement of tariffs on imported goods to protect local industries.
David Held and Anthony McGrew define globalization as encompassing which of the following elements?
David Held and Anthony McGrew define globalization as encompassing which of the following elements?
- A shift in human organization that connects distant communities. (correct)
- A reduction in the reach of power relations across the world's major regions.
- A decrease in interregional flows and a weakening of social interaction.
- The strict separation of local and global events.
According to Anthony Giddens, how does globalization affect local events?
According to Anthony Giddens, how does globalization affect local events?
- Globalization has no impact on local events.
- Local events are shaped by happenings many miles away. (correct)
- Local happenings are isolated from events occurring in distant locations.
- Local events dictate events that happen miles away.
Manfred Steger describes globalization as a set of social processes that do which of the following?
Manfred Steger describes globalization as a set of social processes that do which of the following?
According to Roland Robertson and Kathleen White, what does 'connectivity' imply in the context of globalization?
According to Roland Robertson and Kathleen White, what does 'connectivity' imply in the context of globalization?
How do 'globalists' view globalization according to Hayden and El-Ojeili?
How do 'globalists' view globalization according to Hayden and El-Ojeili?
What is the perspective of 'traditionalists' on globalization, according to Hayden and El-Ojeili?
What is the perspective of 'traditionalists' on globalization, according to Hayden and El-Ojeili?
According to Leslie Sklair's 'Global Culture Model,' what is a potential problem with the growth and expansion of cultures across national boundaries?
According to Leslie Sklair's 'Global Culture Model,' what is a potential problem with the growth and expansion of cultures across national boundaries?
According to Arjun Appadurai, what do 'scapes' represent in the context of globalization?
According to Arjun Appadurai, what do 'scapes' represent in the context of globalization?
Which of the following 'scapes' defined by Arjun Appadurai refers to the global circulation of money?
Which of the following 'scapes' defined by Arjun Appadurai refers to the global circulation of money?
Flashcards
Globalization (Levitt)
Globalization (Levitt)
Free exchange of goods, services, culture, and people between countries, discarding taxes on imported goods (tariffs).
Globalization (Held & McGrew)
Globalization (Held & McGrew)
Expanding scale, growing magnitude, speeding up, and deepening impact of interregional flows and patterns of social interaction.
Globalization (Giddens)
Globalization (Giddens)
Intensification of world-wide social relations which connects distant localities shaping local happenings by distant events.
Globalization (Steger)
Globalization (Steger)
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Globalization (Robertson & White)
Globalization (Robertson & White)
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Globalist Perspective
Globalist Perspective
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Traditionalist Perspective
Traditionalist Perspective
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Transformationalist Perspective
Transformationalist Perspective
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World Systems Model
World Systems Model
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Global Culture Model
Global Culture Model
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Study Notes
- Globalization has been a prominent term since the early 19th century
- Theodore Levitt popularized the term "globalization" in his article "The Globalization of Markets" (1983)
Levitt's Definition of Globalization
- Refers to the free exchange of goods, services, culture, and people between countries
- Involves countries removing taxes (tariffs) on imported goods
Other Definitions of Globalization
- David Held and Anthony McGrew define globalization as the increasing scale, magnitude, speed, and impact of interregional flows and social interaction
- They also describe it as the shift in human organization that connects distant communities and broadens power relations across major world regions
- Anthony Giddens states globalization involves intensifying worldwide social relations that connect distant locations, where local events are shaped by distant occurrences
- Manfred Steger views globalization as multidimensional social processes that create, multiply, stretch, and intensify worldwide social interdependencies, fostering awareness of connections between local and distant events
- Roland Robertson and Kathleen White describe globalization as increasing global connectivity and consciousness
- Connectivity involves engaging with the outside world
- Consciousness involves awareness of developments in the international community
Perspectives on Globalization
- Globalization is a contentious concept in the 21st century, leading to diverse perspectives
- Patrick Hayden and Chamsy El-Ojeili offered a prominent perspective in "Critical Theories of Globalization" (2006)
Three Perspectives of Globalization (Hayden and El-Ojeili, 2006)
- Globalists: Consider globalization as an inevitable social process affecting local communities
- Traditionalists: View globalization as a myth, not significantly different from past events
- Transformationalists: See globalization as a process introducing significant changes across different dimensions, between globalists and transformationalists.
Approaches to Globalization by Leslie Sklair (2009)
- World Systems Model: Discusses the growth of capitalism impacting development in the past three decades
- Global Culture Model: Centers on the growth of cultures across national borders, potentially threatening national realities
- Global Society Model: Posits that creating a global society is possible in modern times
- Global Capitalist Model: Capitalism is the peak of development among different countries
Dimensions of Globalization (Steger, 2007)
- Economic
- Political
- Ideological
- Social
- Technological
- Environmental
The Scapes of Globalization (Appadurai, 1996)
- Globalization occurs across multiple, intersecting dimensions called "scapes"
Five Scapes
- Ethnoscape encompasses the global movement of people
- Mediascape signifies the flow of culture
- Technoscape pertains to the circulation of mechanical goods and software
- Financescape denotes the global circulation of money
- Ideoscape represents the movement of political ideas
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