Understanding Globalization: Definition and Concepts

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Questions and Answers

According to Theodore Levitt, what does globalization primarily refer to?

  • The political alignment of countries into regional blocs.
  • The increase in tariffs and trade barriers between countries.
  • The establishment of uniform languages and cultural practices worldwide.
  • The existence of a free exchange of goods, services, culture, and people between countries. (correct)

Globalization is a static phenomenon with fixed outcomes.

False (B)

Which of the following is NOT typically seen as a way globalization manifests itself?

  • Increased international travel and tourism.
  • Increased focus on locally produced goods and services. (correct)
  • A growing interest in learning new languages.
  • The discarding of taxes on imported goods.

Thomas Friedman describes globalization as an ongoing process that involves the ______ integration of markets and technologies.

<p>inexorable</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the British Broadcasting Corporation, globalization has sped up enormously over which period?

<p>The last half-century (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Internationalization strictly pertains to the relationships between individuals across different nations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Globalization, in its broadest sense, encompasses:

<p>Processes and systems leading to global-social relations and interactions between international or transnational entities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following core claims of globalization with their descriptions:

<p>Globalization is about liberalization and global integration of markets = The reduction of trade barriers facilitates the integration of national markets into a global market. Globalization is inevitable and irreversible = The process of globalization is a natural and unstoppable force. Nobody is in charge of globalization = There is no central authority or single entity controlling the process of globalization. Globalization benefits everyone = The effects of globalization are universally positive, leading to overall prosperity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary premise upon which capitalism, as a dominant economic framework, is based?

<p>profit motive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the 'profit motive' in relation to globalization?

<p>It influences decisions such as investing in stocks of profitable companies and allowing mining corporations to operate even where ecosystems may be vulnerable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neoliberalism suggests that government intervention is essential for free markets and free trade to be effective.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main tenet of neoliberalism regarding markets and trade?

<p>Free markets and free trade will liberate the creative potential of society. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anti-globalization views the system of globalization as imbalanced because it favors First-World interests over those of the ______.

<p>Third-World</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concern is most closely associated with anti-globalization perspectives?

<p>The potential for the system to disproportionately favor wealthier nations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alter-globalization seeks to completely abolish the current system of globalization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The alter-globalization movement advocates for:

<p>Modifying globalization to be more humane and environmentally conscious. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name four positive aspects of globalization.

<p>Multiculturalism, free trade, cultural exchanges, migration, global cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following positive aspects of globalization with their descriptions:

<p>Multiculturalism and Multilingualism = The promotion of diversity and the learning of multiple languages. Free trade = The reduction of barriers to trade between countries. Cultural and Educational Exchanges = Programs that facilitate the sharing of knowledge and traditions across borders. Migration = The movement of people between countries for various reasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a positive aspect of globalization?

<p>Linguistic hegemony of a dominant language. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Racism and anti-immigrant sentiment are commonly viewed as benefits of globalization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Linguistic Hegemony of English' as a negative aspect of globalization?

<p>The dominance of English, potentially marginalizing other languages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural homogenization, as a negative aspect of globalization, refers to the reduction of cultural diversity through the popularization of aspects of a dominant ______.

<p>culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'Third World Dependence on the First World' manifest as a negative aspect of globalization?

<p>By creating economic reliance of less developed nations on more developed ones. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Globalization always leads to a reduction in global income and wealth inequality.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these reflects a potential negative impact of globalization on income distribution?

<p>An increase in the gap between the rich and poor globally. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Globalization?

<p>Refers to the existence of free change of goods, services, culture, and even people, between and among countries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thomas Friedman defines Globalization as?

<p>Globalization is not static but an ongoing process. It involves the inexorable integration of markets, nation-states and technologies to a degree never witnessed before. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Students will be asked to fill in the blank concept map about globalization in a crosswise paper before the lesson.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the lesson objectives, what are students expected to do with the competing conceptions of globalization?

<p>Differentiate them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the lesson objectives, it is not important to identify the philosophies behind the definitions of globalization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activity is done by students before the start of the lesson?

<p>Students will be asked to fill-in the blank concept map about globalization in a crosswise paper. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Globalization = Free exchange of goods, services, culture, and people between countries. Internationalization = Process and systems that pertains to relationships between nation-states. Capitalism = The most dominant economic framework and system in many parts of the world, premised on the profit motive. Neoliberalism = Free markets and free trade will set free the creative potential and the entrepreneurial spirit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Globalization encompasses process and systems to?

<p>Global-social relations- or interactions between international and or transnational (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the 6 core claims of globalization?

<p>Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets or Globalization is inevitable and irreversible or Nobody is in charge of globalization or Globalization benefits everyone or Globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world or Globalization requires war on terror.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Globalization

The existence of free exchange of goods, services, culture, and even people, between and among countries.

Globalization impact

Countries discarding taxes on imported goods and opening doors to highly skilled workers and professionals.

Globalization as a process

An ongoing process involving the integration of markets, nation-states and technologies to a degree never witnessed before.

Globalization Process Definition

Increase in interconnectedness through increased trade and cultural exchange, speeding up over the last half-century.

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Internationalization

Refers to the process and systems pertaining to relationships between nation-states.

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Globalization Defined

Encompasses processes and systems leading to global-social relations or interactions between international and transnational entities

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Core claims of Globalization

Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets, making it inevitable and irreversible.

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Capitalism

The dominant economic system in many parts of the world, based on the profit motive.

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Profit Motive

The underlying reason people buy stocks and third-world governments allow ecosystem-vulnerable mining projects.

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Neoliberalism

Free markets and trade will unleash entrepreneurial spirit, leading to individual liberty, well-being, and efficient resource use.

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Anti-Globalization

A view that the current system benefits first-world countries, corporations, and profit seeking over environmental sustainability.

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Alter-Globalization

Changing the current system to be more humane, pro-environment, and grassroots-driven.

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Positive aspects of Globalization

Multiculturalism, Multilingualism, free trade, cultural and educational exchanges, and global cooperation.

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Negative aspects of Globalization

Linguistic hegemony of English, cultural homogenization, third world dependence, income inequality, and racism.

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Study Notes

  • Objectives include differentiating globalization's competing conceptions, identifying underlying philosophies, agreeing on a working definition, explaining positive and negative aspects, and constructing meaning via a concept map.
  • Before the lesson, students will fill in a blank concept map about globalization in a crosswise manner.

Definition of Globalization

  • Globalization refers to the free exchange of goods, services, culture, even people, between countries. (Theodore Levitt)
  • Countries have discarded import taxes and welcomed skilled workers and professionals.
  • People are becoming more interested in travel, learning languages, and immersing themselves in new cultures and lifestyles due to globalization.
  • It is an ongoing process involving the integration of markets, nation-states, and technologies to a degree never witnessed before according to Thomas Friedman
  • It is the process by which the world becomes increasingly interconnected due to increased trade and cultural exchange.
  • Goods and services production has increased and sped up enormously over the half-century. (British Broadcasting Corporation)

Internationalization

  • Refers to the processes and systems related to relationships between nation-states.
  • Encompasses the processes and systems involved in global-social relations or interactions between international and transnational entities.

Philosophies and Ideologies of Globalization

Six Core Claims of Globalization

  • Globalization involves the liberalization and integration of global markets.
  • Globalization is considered inevitable and irreversible.
  • No single entity is in charge of globalization.
  • Globalization is thought to benefit everyone.
  • Globalization promotes the spread of democracy worldwide.
  • Globalization requires a war on terror.

Capitalism

  • Is the most dominant economic framework and system in many parts of the world.
  • It is based on the "profit motive".

Profit Motive

  • Partly explains why people invest in profitable companies' stocks.
  • Explains why third-world governments allow mining corporations to operate even in places with vulnerable ecosystems.

Neoliberalism

  • Adherents believe free markets and free trade unleash creative potential and the entrepreneurial spirit.
  • This leads to individual liberty, well-being, and efficient resource allocation

Two main camps of Globalization

  • Anti-globalization
  • Alter-globalization

Anti-globalization

  • Considers globalization's system imbalanced because it favors the first world, corporations and profit over environmental sustainability

Alter-globalization

  • Seeks to alter/change the current system to be more humane, pro-environment, and grassroots-driven, rather than top-down imposition

Positive Aspects of Globalization

  • Multiculturalism and Multilingualism.
  • Free trade.
  • Cultural and Education Exchanges.
  • Migration.
  • Global Cooperation.

Negative aspects of globalization

  • Linguistic Hegemony of English
  • Cultural Homogenization
  • Third World Dependence on the First World
  • Global income and wealth inequality
  • Racism and Anti-Migrant Sentiment

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