10 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a type of discrimination mentioned in the text?
Ableism
Which of the following is a type of bias where you judge someone based on their social status?
Classism
The text states that ___ involves judgment, feeling, opinion, intuition, or emotion rather than factual information.
Subjective content
Which of the following is NOT listed as a way to avoid bias in writing according to the text?
Clarity
Which type of discrimination involves extreme hatred against a particular race?
Xenophobia
What type of information is considered a fact?
It is true and can be verified or proven
What type of fallacy involves targeting the audience's emotion to get them to agree?
Emotional Appeal
Which type of argument pattern includes a thesis statement, first pro, second pro, con-refutation, and conclusion?
Me First
What is the difference between hearing and active listening?
Active listening involves understanding and paying close attention, while hearing is just perceiving what is heard.
What does the term 'bias' refer to?
Poor decision making in favor of a certain thing
Study Notes
Factual Information vs. Subjective Content
- Factual information refers to statements that can be verified or proven to be true.
- Subjective content involves judgment, feeling, opinion, intuition, or emotion rather than factual information.
Bias and Prejudice
- Bias refers to unfairly choosing or favoring someone or something because of personal beliefs.
- Prejudice involves unfairly judging someone or something because of what you believe in.
Types of Discrimination
- Sexism: gender or sex bias
- Homophobia: dislike against LGBTQ+
- Racism: stereotypes against a particular race
- Xenophobia: extreme hatred against a race
- Misogyny: violence and hatred towards women
- Misandry: violence and hatred towards men
- Classism: discrimination based on social status
- Elitism: belittling people because of perceived superiority regarding money, looks, or intelligence
- Ageism: discrimination based on age
- Nationalism: believing one's race is superior
- Religious prejudice: judging based on religious beliefs
Avoiding Biases in Writing
- Generalization: avoiding stated or implied "all" or "never" assertions
- Evidence: supporting statements with research
- Assumptions and professions: being aware of one's own biases and how they may be expressed in writing
- Objectivity: avoiding sympathy and overly favorable opinions to maintain objectivity
Fallacy, Fact, Opinion, and Bias
- Fallacy: incorrect information or illogical reasoning
- Fact: a statement that is true and can be verified or proven
- Opinion: an idea or statement of someone
- Bias: poor decision-making in favor of a certain thing
Types of Fallacies
- Unsupported Claim: information believed solely because credible people say so
- Emotional Appeal: targeting the audience's emotions to agree
- Faulty Logic: illogical reasoning
- Slippery Slope: overreacting to a domino effect
- Post Hoc: faulty cause and effect
- Ad Hominem: personal insult or attack
Types of Argument Patterns
- ME FIRST:
- Thesis statement
- First pro
- Second pro
- Con-refutation
- Conclusion
- YOU FIRST:
- Thesis statement
- Con-refutation
- First pro
- Second pro
- Conclusion
- POINT BY POINT:
- Thesis statement
- First con + refutation
- Second con + refutation
- Third con + refutation
- Conclusion
Viewing and Listening
- Viewing: an active process of attending and comprehending visual media
- Re-viewing: preparing to view by activating schema
- During Viewing/Schema: viewing visual text to understand the message
- Post/After Viewing: responding to visual text, rating, relating, and learning
Listening
- Hearing: perceiving what is heard, but without understanding
- Listening: understanding and paying close attention to what is heard
- Active Listening: focusing and paying attention to appreciate and understand what is heard
- Passive Listening: understanding but not focusing on what is heard
Learn about the differences between factual information and subjective content, as well as understanding bias, prejudice, and different types of discrimination like sexism and homophobia.
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