Understanding Extracellular Fluid and Homeostasis

Physiology is the study of the ______ of living things

An organ is part of the ______ level of organization in the body

Cells are the basic units of ______

The four primary tissue types are muscle tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial tissue, and ______.

An organ is made up of several tissue types and performs a specific function at the ______ level.

A body system is a collection of ______ that performs related functions.

The circulatory system consists of the ______, blood vessels, and blood

The skeletal system provides support and protection for soft tissues and organs, and serves as a storage reservoir for ______

The nervous system controls and coordinates body activities that require swift responses, while the endocrine system regulates activities that require duration rather than speed, such as ______

Homeostatic control systems can be categorized into two types: intrinsic (local) controls, which are built into an organ, and ______ controls, which are initiated outside an organ to alter its activity.

Negative feedback is a mechanism widely used in homeostasis. It opposes an initial change and works by triggering a response that drives the variable in the opposite direction of the initial change. This response is known as a ______ response.

To maintain homeostasis, a control system must be able to detect deviations from normal, integrate this information with other information, and make adjustments to restore the factor to normal. This control system is known as a ______ control system.

Positive Feedback Output enhances or amplifies a change so that the controlled variable continues to move in the direction of the initial change – Less common than ______ feedback but is important in some instances Example: childbirth © Cengage Learning 2016. All Rights Reserved.

Feedforward Mechanisms Initiate responses in anticipation of a change Infrequently used Example: – Insulin levels increase while a meal is in the digestive tract as an ______ response © Cengage Learning 2016. All Rights Reserved.

Disruptions in Homeostasis Can lead to illness and death – Pathophysiology: abnormal functioning of the body associated with disease – When a homeostatic disruption becomes so severe that it is no longer compatible with survival, ______ results © Cengage Learning 2016. All Rights Reserved.