Understanding Environmental Hygiene

Contaminated water, lack of latrines, poor hand washing, open defecation

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Respiratory infections, cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer

<p>The control of factors in man's physical environment that may affect health and survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human excreta control, managing solid waste and wastewater, pest and vector control</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excess noise, heat, dust, chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To result in the spontaneous and long-term renunciation of open defecation practices in rural populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methods of stimulating community enthusiasm to stop open defecation, often through the construction of rudimentary toilets like pit latrines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taking steps to boost self-esteem and pride in the community while also instilling feelings of humiliation and disgust over open defecation habits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system that transports excreta using dry toilets instead of sewers, often involving urinediverting dry toilets (UDDTs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sanitation system that aims to safely reuse excreta in agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By eliminating the need for hardware subsidies and encouraging communities to take collaborative action to become 'open defecation free'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining good environmental hygiene is important to prevent the transmission of gastrointestinal, respiratory illnesses and other diseases that use germs and viruses as vectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleaning is a mechanical process using detergent and water to remove food residues, dirt, debris and grease, while disinfecting involves using chemicals to kill germs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal cleaning methods, using household detergents and warm water, are considered sufficient to reduce the number of germs in the environment to a safe level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective cleaning involves using a general purpose detergent and warm water, clean cloths and mops, and the mechanical action of wiping/scrubbing. The area should then be rinsed and dried.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thorough cleaning with detergents can remove all contaminants including dust, dirt, faeces, blood, pus, urine, other body fluids and large numbers of germs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apart from the natural surroundings, the environment also includes shelter, modes of transportation and all other products of technology, including pollutants and waste materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main concept discussed is ecological sanitation, which involves recycling nutrients from human and animal wastes into the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites can enter our bodies through contaminated water or air, causing diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diarrheal diseases can be transmitted through contaminated water containing human fecal matter with infectious agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TB and pneumonia are droplet-related infections transmitted through the air contaminated by droplets from an infected person's lungs when they breathe or cough.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental risk factors are environmental conditions and practices that facilitate the carrying of infectious agents into our bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate action is taken to localize excreta disposal and prevent contamination of the water supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural and physical factors observed by the populations in excreta disposal are taken into consideration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appropriate anal cleaning and hand washing materials are provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sphere Project recommends that each person should be supplied with at least 250 g of soap per month.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adequate numbers of latrines should be placed at no more than 50 m from dwellings in a manner that populations (i.e., women and children) can use safely at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Before latrines are constructed, trench latrines or defecation fields may be used, and care is taken to place them far away from the general population to ensure that contamination does not occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers