Understanding Environmental Hygiene

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What are some major environmental risk factors related to diarrhoeal diseases?

Contaminated water, lack of latrines, poor hand washing, open defecation

Which disease is associated with indoor air pollution?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

What are some diseases related to outdoor/ambient air pollution?

Respiratory infections, cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer

According to the World Health Organization, how is environmental sanitation defined?

The control of factors in man's physical environment that may affect health and survival Signup and view all the answers

What does environmental sanitation include?

Human excreta control, managing solid waste and wastewater, pest and vector control Signup and view all the answers

What are some hazards in workplaces related to environmental factors?

Excess noise, heat, dust, chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the CLTS method?

To result in the spontaneous and long-term renunciation of open defecation practices in rural populations. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'triggering' refer to in the CLTS process?

Methods of stimulating community enthusiasm to stop open defecation, often through the construction of rudimentary toilets like pit latrines. Signup and view all the answers

What does CLTS entail in terms of promoting behavior change?

Taking steps to boost self-esteem and pride in the community while also instilling feelings of humiliation and disgust over open defecation habits. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'dry sanitation' typically refer to?

A system that transports excreta using dry toilets instead of sewers, often involving urinediverting dry toilets (UDDTs). Signup and view all the answers

What is ecological sanitation, also known as ecosan?

A sanitation system that aims to safely reuse excreta in agriculture. Signup and view all the answers

How does the CLTS method empower communities to address open defecation?

By eliminating the need for hardware subsidies and encouraging communities to take collaborative action to become 'open defecation free'. Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of maintaining good environmental hygiene?

Maintaining good environmental hygiene is important to prevent the transmission of gastrointestinal, respiratory illnesses and other diseases that use germs and viruses as vectors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between cleaning and disinfecting?

Cleaning is a mechanical process using detergent and water to remove food residues, dirt, debris and grease, while disinfecting involves using chemicals to kill germs. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered sufficient for reducing the number of germs in the environment to a safe level?

Normal cleaning methods, using household detergents and warm water, are considered sufficient to reduce the number of germs in the environment to a safe level. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the steps involved in effective cleaning.

Effective cleaning involves using a general purpose detergent and warm water, clean cloths and mops, and the mechanical action of wiping/scrubbing. The area should then be rinsed and dried. Signup and view all the answers

What types of contaminants can thorough cleaning with detergents remove?

Thorough cleaning with detergents can remove all contaminants including dust, dirt, faeces, blood, pus, urine, other body fluids and large numbers of germs. Signup and view all the answers

Apart from the natural surroundings, what other aspects are included in the environment according to the text?

Apart from the natural surroundings, the environment also includes shelter, modes of transportation and all other products of technology, including pollutants and waste materials. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concept discussed in the given text?

The main concept discussed is ecological sanitation, which involves recycling nutrients from human and animal wastes into the environment. Signup and view all the answers

How can infectious agents enter our bodies and cause diseases?

Infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites can enter our bodies through contaminated water or air, causing diseases. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a disease that can be transmitted through contaminated water.

Diarrheal diseases can be transmitted through contaminated water containing human fecal matter with infectious agents. Signup and view all the answers

How are diseases like tuberculosis (TB) and pneumonia transmitted?

TB and pneumonia are droplet-related infections transmitted through the air contaminated by droplets from an infected person's lungs when they breathe or cough. Signup and view all the answers

What are environmental risk factors in the context of the given text?

Environmental risk factors are environmental conditions and practices that facilitate the carrying of infectious agents into our bodies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate action taken to localize excreta disposal and prevent contamination of the water supply?

Immediate action is taken to localize excreta disposal and prevent contamination of the water supply. Signup and view all the answers

What factors are taken into consideration when it comes to excreta disposal?

Cultural and physical factors observed by the populations in excreta disposal are taken into consideration. Signup and view all the answers

What materials are provided for anal cleaning and hand washing?

Appropriate anal cleaning and hand washing materials are provided. Signup and view all the answers

How much soap per month should each person be supplied with, according to The Sphere Project?

The Sphere Project recommends that each person should be supplied with at least 250 g of soap per month. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum distance that latrines should be placed from dwellings, and how are they placed to ensure safe use at night?

Adequate numbers of latrines should be placed at no more than 50 m from dwellings in a manner that populations (i.e., women and children) can use safely at night. Signup and view all the answers

What is used for excreta disposal before latrines are constructed, and how is it placed to prevent contamination?

Before latrines are constructed, trench latrines or defecation fields may be used, and care is taken to place them far away from the general population to ensure that contamination does not occur. Signup and view all the answers