Podcast
Questions and Answers
A medication intended to cure a disease produces what type of effect?
A medication intended to cure a disease produces what type of effect?
- Synthetic
- Diagnostic
- Preventative
- Therapeutic (correct)
What primary source is often used in creating drugs?
What primary source is often used in creating drugs?
- Bacterial cultures
- Chemical plants
- Animal Tissue (correct)
- Artificial sweeteners
Which of the following routes of administration typically results in the most rapid drug absorption?
Which of the following routes of administration typically results in the most rapid drug absorption?
- Intramuscular
- Intravenous (correct)
- Subcutaneous
- Oral
Creams, pastes and gels fit into which classifications of drugs?
Creams, pastes and gels fit into which classifications of drugs?
Which physical factor of a patient can influence drug activity in the body?
Which physical factor of a patient can influence drug activity in the body?
Two drugs are taken together, resulting in a greater effect than if either was taken alone. What type of drug interaction is this?
Two drugs are taken together, resulting in a greater effect than if either was taken alone. What type of drug interaction is this?
What is the first process that occurs during drug metabolism in the body?
What is the first process that occurs during drug metabolism in the body?
Where should oily medicines be stored?
Where should oily medicines be stored?
If the medicine label is stained with dirt, what action is most appropriate?
If the medicine label is stained with dirt, what action is most appropriate?
In a healthcare environment, where should addictive drugs be stored?
In a healthcare environment, where should addictive drugs be stored?
What condition necessitates a physician's medication order to be written?
What condition necessitates a physician's medication order to be written?
When is an urgent medication request typically used?
When is an urgent medication request typically used?
What should be included in a physician's medication order?
What should be included in a physician's medication order?
What is the first action a healthcare provider should do if a doctor's order is unclear?
What is the first action a healthcare provider should do if a doctor's order is unclear?
After checking a doctor's order, what additional step is necessary?
After checking a doctor's order, what additional step is necessary?
Which of the following 'rights' of medication administration involves ensuring that a patient is aware of the purpose and potential side effects of a drug?
Which of the following 'rights' of medication administration involves ensuring that a patient is aware of the purpose and potential side effects of a drug?
A patient has the right to refuse their medication for any reason. What 'right' does this refer to?
A patient has the right to refuse their medication for any reason. What 'right' does this refer to?
What aspects are part of basic principles of drug applications?
What aspects are part of basic principles of drug applications?
According to best practices, who should prepare the medicines for drug application?
According to best practices, who should prepare the medicines for drug application?
What actions should be taken to ensure accuracy in drug applications?
What actions should be taken to ensure accuracy in drug applications?
What specific aspect makes the drug preparation environment suitable?
What specific aspect makes the drug preparation environment suitable?
For what specific drugs it is necessary to count their numbers with each shift change?
For what specific drugs it is necessary to count their numbers with each shift change?
What is the fastest route of drug absorption?
What is the fastest route of drug absorption?
What would be the equivalent measure of 20 drops?
What would be the equivalent measure of 20 drops?
A drug that creates a systemic effect is administered through which route?
A drug that creates a systemic effect is administered through which route?
Which of the following local application sites involves administering medication directly into the ear canal?
Which of the following local application sites involves administering medication directly into the ear canal?
What is administered through the epidermal layer?
What is administered through the epidermal layer?
When putting drops to the eye, what precaution must be taken into account?
When putting drops to the eye, what precaution must be taken into account?
When administering nasal drops, how should the patient be positioned?
When administering nasal drops, how should the patient be positioned?
What is an important measure to ensure the patient's comfort and dignity?
What is an important measure to ensure the patient's comfort and dignity?
When administering ear drops to children, how should the ear be manipulated?
When administering ear drops to children, how should the ear be manipulated?
What classification is the oral route of drug administration?
What classification is the oral route of drug administration?
Which of the following is among the instances when oral medication should NOT be administered?
Which of the following is among the instances when oral medication should NOT be administered?
After the sublingual drug is administered where does it go to?
After the sublingual drug is administered where does it go to?
What consideration applies to both buccal and sublingual applications?
What consideration applies to both buccal and sublingual applications?
Before putting medications in the rectum for a patient, what special measurement needs to be taken before.
Before putting medications in the rectum for a patient, what special measurement needs to be taken before.
Which aspect is true regarding transdermal patches?
Which aspect is true regarding transdermal patches?
Which of the following is an advantage of using inhaled medications?
Which of the following is an advantage of using inhaled medications?
What type of medication should be delivered within a nebulizer?
What type of medication should be delivered within a nebulizer?
A medication is administered in a way that bypasses the digestive system completely, what is the route of the route called?
A medication is administered in a way that bypasses the digestive system completely, what is the route of the route called?
Which of the following best describes the technical skills involved in drug administration?
Which of the following best describes the technical skills involved in drug administration?
Monophasic liquids fall under which classification of drugs?
Monophasic liquids fall under which classification of drugs?
Which of the following demonstrates the synergism effect?
Which of the following demonstrates the synergism effect?
What happens during the 'change' stage of drug metabolism in the human body?
What happens during the 'change' stage of drug metabolism in the human body?
Why must medicine labels be replaced if they become dirty?
Why must medicine labels be replaced if they become dirty?
What is the most appropriate action to take if an artificial lighting installation is not available in the medicine cabinet?
What is the most appropriate action to take if an artificial lighting installation is not available in the medicine cabinet?
Why do addictive drugs need be kept in a double-locked cabinet?
Why do addictive drugs need be kept in a double-locked cabinet?
What should health professionals do to ensure accuracy when doctor orders are checked?
What should health professionals do to ensure accuracy when doctor orders are checked?
After checking the doctor's order, what step must be undertaken to maintain accuracy and safety?
After checking the doctor's order, what step must be undertaken to maintain accuracy and safety?
What is the purpose of comparing patient's medication orders to their identification bracelet?
What is the purpose of comparing patient's medication orders to their identification bracelet?
Why is it important to check a medication label against the physician's orders?
Why is it important to check a medication label against the physician's orders?
What is the primary reason for verifying that a medication dosage is within the appropriate range for a patient?
What is the primary reason for verifying that a medication dosage is within the appropriate range for a patient?
What is the primary reason for documenting medication administration?
What is the primary reason for documenting medication administration?
Which of the following actions ensures the patient fully comprehends the purpose of their medications?
Which of the following actions ensures the patient fully comprehends the purpose of their medications?
What should healthcare professionals do to make sure the patient takes medications?
What should healthcare professionals do to make sure the patient takes medications?
Which of the following scenarios requires a healthcare provider to question the patient about potential drug allergies?
Which of the following scenarios requires a healthcare provider to question the patient about potential drug allergies?
Why is a well-lit environment recommended for drug preparation?
Why is a well-lit environment recommended for drug preparation?
What is the purpose of performing a triple medication check during medicine preparation?
What is the purpose of performing a triple medication check during medicine preparation?
In what cases is the oral route not used for medication administration?
In what cases is the oral route not used for medication administration?
What characterizes sublingual drug administration?
What characterizes sublingual drug administration?
What should the healthcare provider do before inserting the tip of the enema to the patient?
What should the healthcare provider do before inserting the tip of the enema to the patient?
What characteristic allows alveoli an extremely good absorption?
What characteristic allows alveoli an extremely good absorption?
Why time and date are important in transdermal application patch
Why time and date are important in transdermal application patch
Why we don't use two different drugs in nebulizer?
Why we don't use two different drugs in nebulizer?
How does the drug that will be intradermal injected deliver the drug to?
How does the drug that will be intradermal injected deliver the drug to?
What's the appropriate angles for Subcutaneous injections?
What's the appropriate angles for Subcutaneous injections?
Where should SC injections avoid?
Where should SC injections avoid?
What the best description for what can happen if there are air bubbles during administration?
What the best description for what can happen if there are air bubbles during administration?
What is the angle for inserting needle into skin for intradermal injection?
What is the angle for inserting needle into skin for intradermal injection?
Where does the drug perform usually injected for intramuscular injections?
Where does the drug perform usually injected for intramuscular injections?
While making intramuscular injections, what do we consider as the first steps we can make?
While making intramuscular injections, what do we consider as the first steps we can make?
What's the important description about Dorsogluteal Injection?
What's the important description about Dorsogluteal Injection?
What is known as the safest and least painful injection in the ventrogluteal muscle?
What is known as the safest and least painful injection in the ventrogluteal muscle?
How much of milliliters can you inject into deltoid muscles?
How much of milliliters can you inject into deltoid muscles?
Why do we use z-track injections?
Why do we use z-track injections?
How long is too long if you have an IV tourniquet?
How long is too long if you have an IV tourniquet?
What is the correct definition of IV?
What is the correct definition of IV?
How can we improve blood circulation?
How can we improve blood circulation?
In the emergency room, what is an important matter regarding IV?
In the emergency room, what is an important matter regarding IV?
How long can an IV catheter stay in a patient?
How long can an IV catheter stay in a patient?
What blood should be avoided if it is going to be injected?
What blood should be avoided if it is going to be injected?
How is the flow being controlled?
How is the flow being controlled?
How would drugs be characterized, based on their origin?
How would drugs be characterized, based on their origin?
When assessing the impact of drugs, which considerations provide a comprehensive understanding of how drugs affect individuals?
When assessing the impact of drugs, which considerations provide a comprehensive understanding of how drugs affect individuals?
What is the primary reason behind tightly closing medicine bottles in drug storage?
What is the primary reason behind tightly closing medicine bottles in drug storage?
What action should be prioritized after identifying a discrepancy between a doctor's medication order and the patient's needs?
What action should be prioritized after identifying a discrepancy between a doctor's medication order and the patient's needs?
What does the principle of 'Right Documentation' in medication administration primarily ensure?
What does the principle of 'Right Documentation' in medication administration primarily ensure?
Aside from administering medication, which action demonstrates the importance of 'Right Client Education'?
Aside from administering medication, which action demonstrates the importance of 'Right Client Education'?
What is the most accurate interpretation of what to do when a patient exercises their 'Right to Refuse' medication?
What is the most accurate interpretation of what to do when a patient exercises their 'Right to Refuse' medication?
Before proceeding with medication administration, what are the most important considerations in ensuring 'Right Assessment'?
Before proceeding with medication administration, what are the most important considerations in ensuring 'Right Assessment'?
What immediate action should a healthcare provider take if they question the appropriateness of a prescribed medication based on patient assessment?
What immediate action should a healthcare provider take if they question the appropriateness of a prescribed medication based on patient assessment?
What is a critical step in ensuring medication accuracy from preparation to administration?
What is a critical step in ensuring medication accuracy from preparation to administration?
Which consideration is most pertinent when administering oral medications?
Which consideration is most pertinent when administering oral medications?
Which of the following accurately describes the sublingual route of drug administration and its primary benefit?
Which of the following accurately describes the sublingual route of drug administration and its primary benefit?
How does buccal drug administration facilitate a systemic effect?
How does buccal drug administration facilitate a systemic effect?
With an enema insertion, what is important take in note before we push it in
With an enema insertion, what is important take in note before we push it in
What's a major characteristic with alveoli being permeable, what does it give to a drug absorption during inhalation?
What's a major characteristic with alveoli being permeable, what does it give to a drug absorption during inhalation?
What should the healthcare provider remember when he's being administered the drug through intravenous?
What should the healthcare provider remember when he's being administered the drug through intravenous?
If during an intravenous procedure a flashback of blood becomes visible in the cannula hub, what the next step to take?
If during an intravenous procedure a flashback of blood becomes visible in the cannula hub, what the next step to take?
In IV administration, what are important steps to ensure?
In IV administration, what are important steps to ensure?
What should occur if, during IV administration with saline, there is resistance?
What should occur if, during IV administration with saline, there is resistance?
Why do they use IV 3 Way Tap?
Why do they use IV 3 Way Tap?
Flashcards
What are drugs?
What are drugs?
Substances given to diagnose, cure, or prevent disease that can change body functions.
Drug classification types
Drug classification types
Drugs can be classified into solid, liquid, semi-solid or gaseous forms based on their physical state.
What is synergism?
What is synergism?
An interaction where the efficacy of two or more drugs is greater when used together than when used alone.
What is the additional effect?
What is the additional effect?
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What is potentiation?
What is potentiation?
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What is antagonism?
What is antagonism?
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Proper drug storage
Proper drug storage
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Rules on medication orders
Rules on medication orders
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First 5 rights of medication
First 5 rights of medication
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Last 5 rights of medicaton
Last 5 rights of medicaton
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What is thrombophlebitis?
What is thrombophlebitis?
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What is Enteral?
What is Enteral?
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The process of buccal administration?
The process of buccal administration?
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What is sublingual administration
What is sublingual administration
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What is transdermal application (patch)
What is transdermal application (patch)
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Intranasal (nose) drugs
Intranasal (nose) drugs
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What is Epidermal administration?
What is Epidermal administration?
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Ophthalmic eye drops
Ophthalmic eye drops
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Parenteral Administration
Parenteral Administration
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What is intraderm?
What is intraderm?
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What is intramuscular administration
What is intramuscular administration
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What is subcutaneous - SC - injection?
What is subcutaneous - SC - injection?
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What is an intraveneous injection
What is an intraveneous injection
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What are transufion reaction
What are transufion reaction
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What is fluid product and mix?
What is fluid product and mix?
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Study Notes
Overview
- Drug applications, indications, methods of administration, and associated considerations are detailed.
- Focus is on fulfilling necessary drug administration practices
Objectives
- Understanding drug definitions and classifications
- Knowing effects within the body
- Identifying how to request, supply, and store drugs
- Comprehending the ways of administering drugs
- Knowing how to apply drug practices
Drug Characteristics
- Drugs change body functions when taken by a living organism
- Medicines can be obtained from animal, vegetable, mineral, and synthetic sources
- Core element of drug administration involves technical skills, including medication knowledge
Classification of Drugs
- Drugs are classified based on their dosage form
- Solid dosage forms include tablets and capsules for unit dosage, and tooth powder and dusting powder for bulk dosage
- Liquid dosage forms include syrups and lotions as monophasic solutions, and suspensions and emulsions as biphasic solutions
- Semi-solid dosage forms include creams, ointments, pastes, gels, suppositories, and pessaries
- Gaseous dosage forms include aerosols and inhalations
Factors Affecting Drug Activity
- Growth period (newborn, elderly) affects drug activity
- Weight, gender, genetics, and cultural factors influence drug activity
- Psychological state impacts drug activity
- Illnesses and environment affect drug activity
- Treatment and time and individual differences affect drug activity
- Adverse drug effects can affect drug activity
Drug Interactions
- Synergism displays increased efficacy when two or more drugs are used
- Additional effects includes the increase in the effect of drugs when combined
- Potentiation is when two drugs together create more effect than the sum of their individual effects
- Antagonism is the reduction of a drug's effect by another drug
- Example: Naloxone reduces the effect of narcotics
Drug Metabolism
- Drug metabolism in the human body is complete in four stages
- The stages are absorption, transport/distribution, change/disintegration, and excretion/elimination
Drug Supply and Storage
- Prescriptions must be kept locked away
- Medicines should be stored in a clean, closed, dry, and cool place
- Bottles should be tightly closed to prevent evaporation and becoming moist
- Oily or diluted medicines should be stored in refrigerators, and within expiration dates
- Expired medicine, or medicine with changes in color, odor, or appearance, should not be used
- Artifical lighting should exist where medicine is held
- Emergency meds kept separately and like-effect meds kept together
- Medicine cabinets should be large enough to hold medications
- Addictive drugs are to be double-locked, and required signatures
- Poisonous drugs should have a red label
Physician Medication Orders
- Doctor's notes are required for drug administration, unless if it's an emergency
- These requests can be regular, as needed, or urgent (single dose)
- The document must contain the patient's name, date, time, drug to be administered, dose, and route
- The document also needs the application frequency and doctor's signature
- Doctor's notes should be checked by health professionals every morning
- Documentation of any doubts is important
Safe Medication Administration “Rights”
- Right patient: Always check the patient’s identification bracelet.
- Right medication: Check drug medication label.
- Right dose: Check the label for medication concentration.
- Right route: Verify medication route with medication order
- Right time: Verify a schedule of medication with the order.
- Right documentation: To never document before medicine is administered
- Right Paitent Teaching: Educate paitent on medicine being administered
- Right to Refuse: Patient right to refuse medication
- Right Assesment: Properly asses patient
- Right Evaluation: Document patient response to medicine
Basic Principles of Drug Application
- 10 Patient rights to drug administration should be known
- The application is as follows: wash hands, don gloves, have verbal concent, patient confidentiality and position the patient correctly
Drug Application Considerations
- Ensure the medicine cart is fully stocked with materials
- Ensure the care taker is well attentive to the patient
- Healthcare worker should be prepared prepare the medicine themself
- In the instance medication order is illegible, correct with doctor
- Important to discuss with patients the medicine and allergies they may have
Ensuring Accuracy
- To ensure accuracy, have triple medication check
- Verify when bottle of medicine is taken to administer
- Verify the dose with proper bottle after pouring medicine in glass
- Verify what and after medicine has been dispensed
Safety
- Be sure to have patient ID when administering
- A key detail to consider, is patients must swallow oral meds.
- It's crucial that caregivers know everything there is to know about medication
- Patients and their families, must be familiar the drug
Narcotic Drugs
- Required to be under lock and key
- All doses are to be recorded, and counted, for shifts
- Two nurses must document, and sign, to use medication
- If the ampoule cannot be finished, destroy the remains
- All drugs are to be used in red label for administration
Drug Absorption Rates
- Rates
- The following administrations times are:
- 15 seconds intracardiac
- 30 to 60 seconds for intravenous
- 3 minutes for inhalation or endotracheal
- 3.5 mins for sublingual, 10 to 20 mins for Intramuscular
- 5 to 30 mins for Rectal, 10 to 30 mins for Intradermal
Drug Application Measurements
- Approximations include: 1cc = 1ml = 10 dizy =100 unit 20 drops and 4 to 5 ml to dessert spoon
Drug Action
- Drugs cause systems to have a variety of desired effects
- How they work with systems is dependent on drug and medication type
- Patient’s needs, dose, and route greatly affect drug action
Administrations (Local)
- Localized injections are required in pharmaceutical shape
- For application of the skin (epidermal): use Ointments, creams, lotions, powder and solutions
- For injections to eyes (conjunctival sac): use Ophthalmic drops and ointment
- For injections through the nose (intranasal): use Nasal drops and spray
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