30 Questions
What is the total number of hosts allowed in Class B IP addresses in the IPv4 version?
65,000 hosts on 16,000 networks each
Which organization manages and governs the IP address according to the text?
IANA
What is the purpose of a DNS server in the context of the Internet?
Handles domain name resolution only
Which IP version is extensively used in the Internet according to the text?
IPv4
What does the dotted decimal notation represent in relation to IP addresses?
Conversion from binary to human-readable format
Which class of IPv4 IP addresses has 254 hosts allowed on 2 million networks each?
Class C
What is Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?
A server–client data communication protocol
How does a client communicate with the server in HTTP?
Through user agents like web browsers and mobile apps
What is the primary function of HTTP?
To seek information from the server through requests
Which resources are involved in HTTP communication?
URLs, HTML files, and other content
In the Internet stack, with which layers can HTTP communicate?
TCP and UDP at the network layer
When was the first version of HTTP introduced?
1990
What is the primary purpose of an IP address in the context of the Internet?
To identify nodes in the Internet
Which protocol is predominantly used for data transmission across the Internet?
TCP/IP
What significant event marked the beginning of the internet's evolution during the Cold War era?
The launch of SPUTNIK by the Soviet Union
Which of the following is NOT considered a major service offered by the Internet?
In-person meetings
Who announced that a network of computers in the US would continue to operate even in the case of a nuclear attack?
J C R Licklider
Which organization was formed by the US government in response to the launch of SPUTNIK?
ARPA
What is the primary function of a DNS server?
Convert domain names into IP addresses
Where are the major 13 DNS root name servers located?
United States, Stockholm, Tokyo, and Amsterdam
What is the responsibility of DNS servers linked to the major 13 root servers?
Convert domain names into IP addresses
What is the role of routers in the context of domain names and IP addresses?
Routers use DNS servers to resolve domain names to IP addresses
Which public DNS servers are mentioned in the text?
Google DNS, OpenNIC, Cloudflare, Verizon
How does a DNS server play a role in the communication between hosts and routers?
DNS servers convert domain names into IP addresses for routing purposes
What is the relationship between HTTP and the World Wide Web?
HTTP is the protocol used for data communication in the World Wide Web
When was the WWW introduced?
1989
How does the Internet differ from the WWW?
The Internet is a network of networks, while the WWW uses different protocols for communication.
Who regulates the WWW network-based information?
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
What is the main purpose of HTTP?
To facilitate data communication between web clients and servers
When did the WWW become publicly available for use?
1991
Study Notes
IPv4 IP Addresses
- Class B IP addresses allow a total of 65,534 hosts.
- The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) manages and governs IP addresses.
DNS Servers
- DNS servers translate human-readable domain names to IP addresses.
- The primary function of a DNS server is to resolve domain names to IP addresses.
- The 13 DNS root name servers are located in different parts of the world.
- DNS servers linked to the major 13 root servers are responsible for resolving domain names to IP addresses.
- DNS servers play a role in communication between hosts and routers by resolving domain names to IP addresses.
HTTP and the World Wide Web
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used for data transmission across the Internet.
- HTTP is predominantly used for data transmission across the Internet.
- The primary function of HTTP is to transfer data between clients and servers.
- HTTP communicates with servers through requests and responses.
- HTTP resources involved in communication include clients, servers, and proxies.
- HTTP can communicate with the application, presentation, and session layers in the Internet stack.
- The first version of HTTP was introduced in 1991.
- The primary purpose of HTTP is to transfer data between clients and servers.
Internet History and Services
- The Internet evolved during the Cold War era, with a significant event marking its beginning in 1969.
- The Internet does not offer phone services as one of its major services.
- The US government formed the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in response to the launch of SPUTNIK.
- Paul Baran announced that a network of computers in the US would continue to operate even in the case of a nuclear attack.
IP Addresses and Routers
- Dotted decimal notation represents IP addresses in four numbers separated by dots.
- Class A IPv4 IP addresses have 254 hosts allowed on 2 million networks each.
- IP addresses are used to identify devices on the Internet.
- Routers forward data packets between networks using IP addresses.
World Wide Web
- The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents.
- The WWW was introduced in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee.
- The WWW is different from the Internet, as it is a system of interlinked documents on top of the Internet infrastructure.
- There is no central governing body regulating the WWW network-based information.
- The WWW became publicly available for use in 1991.
Learn about how routers understand domain names, the role of DNS servers in converting domain names to IP addresses, and how data packets are routed through the internet using IP addresses. Explore the responsibility and hierarchy of DNS servers.
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