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Questions and Answers
How does Brownian motion contribute to the process of diffusion?
How does Brownian motion contribute to the process of diffusion?
- It reduces the energy required for molecules to remain closely compacted.
- It causes molecules to move randomly, facilitating their spread from high to low concentration areas. (correct)
- It increases the concentration gradient, slowing down molecular movement.
- It creates a stable environment that prevents molecular movement.
Which of the following best describes why molecules tend to diffuse and spread out in a container?
Which of the following best describes why molecules tend to diffuse and spread out in a container?
- Molecules are attracted to areas of high concentration, drawing them away from compacted regions.
- The container's properties force the molecules to repel each other, leading to wider distribution.
- It requires less energy for molecules to be evenly distributed, promoting greater stability. (correct)
- Molecules are more stable when they are closely compacted due to increased intermolecular forces.
How does an increased concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion?
How does an increased concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion?
- It has no effect on diffusion, as molecular movement is solely dependent on temperature.
- It reverses the direction of diffusion, moving molecules from low to high concentration areas.
- It slows down diffusion by reducing the frequency of molecular collisions.
- It speeds up diffusion by causing molecules to bounce against each other more frequently. (correct)
If the temperature of a container is increased, how does this affect the diffusion of molecules within it?
If the temperature of a container is increased, how does this affect the diffusion of molecules within it?
Which type of molecule will diffuse more rapidly under the same conditions, a heavy molecule or a molecule with low molecular weight?
Which type of molecule will diffuse more rapidly under the same conditions, a heavy molecule or a molecule with low molecular weight?
How does increasing the pressure within a container typically affect the rate of diffusion of molecules?
How does increasing the pressure within a container typically affect the rate of diffusion of molecules?
If the volume of a container holding a gas is suddenly decreased, how will this affect the diffusion rate of the gas molecules inside?
If the volume of a container holding a gas is suddenly decreased, how will this affect the diffusion rate of the gas molecules inside?
Consider two scenarios: in scenario A, molecules are diffusing in a small, heated container, and in scenario B, they are diffusing in a large, cold container. Which statement is most likely to be true?
Consider two scenarios: in scenario A, molecules are diffusing in a small, heated container, and in scenario B, they are diffusing in a large, cold container. Which statement is most likely to be true?
Which of the following scenarios would result in the slowest rate of diffusion?
Which of the following scenarios would result in the slowest rate of diffusion?
Imagine a container divided into two sections by a permeable membrane. On one side, there's a high concentration of a light gas at a high temperature, and on the other side, there's a low concentration of a heavy gas at a low temperature. Which of the following is most likely to occur?
Imagine a container divided into two sections by a permeable membrane. On one side, there's a high concentration of a light gas at a high temperature, and on the other side, there's a low concentration of a heavy gas at a low temperature. Which of the following is most likely to occur?
Flashcards
What is diffusion?
What is diffusion?
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration due to Brownian motion.
What is Brownian motion?
What is Brownian motion?
The random movement of molecules.
What is a concentration gradient?
What is a concentration gradient?
A greater difference in concentration between two areas.
How does temperature affect diffusion?
How does temperature affect diffusion?
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How does molecular weight affect diffusion?
How does molecular weight affect diffusion?
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How does pressure affect diffusion?
How does pressure affect diffusion?
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Study Notes
- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
- Molecules move randomly because of Brownian motion.
- Molecules spread to fill the entire container until they are more stable.
- It is more energetically beneficial for molecules to be spread out rather than closely compacted.
Factors affecting diffusion
- Concentration gradient, temperature, molecular weight, and pressure affect diffusion.
- A higher concentration gradient means a bigger difference between the high and low concentrations of molecules.
- With a higher concentration gradient, molecules bounce against each other more and spread faster, and diffusion occurs faster.
- When a container is heated, molecules gain more energy and bounce off each other faster.
- Higher temperatures result in molecules spreading and filling out the container quicker thus diffusion occuring faster.
- Heavy molecules move slower, while molecules with a low molecular weight move faster.
- Low molecular weight results in faster diffusion, while high molecular weight results in slower diffusion.
- Decreasing the size of a container makes molecules spread and fill it out quicker.
- Higher pressure results in molecules spreading and filling out the container quicker thus diffusion occuring faster.
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