Questions and Answers
What is a common symptom of a hypoglycaemic episode?
Which of the following is a treatment for a conscious patient experiencing hypoglycaemia?
What should be administered if a non-conscious patient is unable to swallow?
What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
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What is the first action taken after giving treatment to a conscious patient for hypoglycaemia?
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Which of the following substances should be given to patients who are alcoholic experiencing hypoglycaemia?
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Which hormone is released by the pancreas when blood sugar levels are low?
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What is a possible long-term complication of recurrent hypoglycaemia?
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What is the target blood glucose level before meals?
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What characterizes Type 1 diabetes?
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What should be done if a patient remains unresponsive after initial treatment for hypoglycaemia?
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What is a hypo in the context of blood glucose levels?
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Which method helps treat a hypoglycaemic patient once they regain consciousness?
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What is the duration of rapid acting insulin like Novolog?
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What is prediabetes?
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What is the peak time for rapid acting insulin if administered before a meal?
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What is a key benefit of the working environment at Northern Care Alliance?
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What is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes?
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Which diabetes-related condition typically resolves after childbirth?
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How does the trust manage acute diabetes emergencies according to the information?
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What did the nursing placement teach about diabetes monitoring devices?
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Which factor is primarily responsible for Type 2 diabetes?
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What is an important measure for maintaining confidentiality in a healthcare setting?
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What does the Northern Care Alliance diabetes care program primarily offer?
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What is the primary cause of cellular dehydration when water leaves the cells?
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Which of the following symptoms is associated with severe dehydration?
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What is the goal of nursing interventions in managing hyperosmolarity?
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What common medication type may contribute to hyperosmolarity?
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Which fluid is recommended for IV administration to assist with fluid deficit?
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What should be assessed to monitor the patient's neurological status during treatment?
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Which condition can be a potential complication of hyperosmolarity if fluid shifts are too rapid?
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What is a critical step in monitoring treatment for hyperosmolarity after starting IV fluids?
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What is the first step taken when addressing the wound care plan?
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What should be monitored regularly in relation to the ulcer?
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During a busy shift, what is the best way to ensure prioritized task completion?
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What should be done if a family member expresses dissatisfaction with care?
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How can pressure relief be achieved for a patient with a wound?
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What is an important step after addressing a complaint from a patient or family member?
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What signs should be checked for when providing wound care?
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Why is it important to refer a patient to a podiatrist?
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Study Notes
Understanding Diabetes
- High sugar levels after eating prompt the pancreas to release insulin and enzymes, lowering blood sugar by feeding cells.
- Glucagon, released when fasting, signals the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose to maintain blood sugar levels.
- Type 1 diabetes may be genetic or autoimmune, leading to little or no insulin production by a damaged pancreas.
- Type 2 diabetes is lifestyle-related, where insulin is produced but cells resist opening to it, causing high blood sugar.
- Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy, often resolving after birth; prediabetes indicates elevated blood sugar that can lead to type 2.
Blood Glucose Monitoring
- Target glucose levels: 4mmol/L to 7mmol/L before meals; 8mmol/L to 9mmol/L after meals.
- Hypoglycemia is indicated by blood sugar levels below 4mmol/L; hyperglycemia above 7mmol/L (fasting) and over 11mmol/L at any time.
- Regular monitoring is crucial, especially before meals and bedtime, due to supplementary nutrition.
Insulin Overview
- Insulin onset is when it begins to work; peak is when it is most effective; duration is the time until it is out of the system.
- Common rapid-acting insulins: Lispro, Novolog, with onset around 30 minutes, peak 1-2 hours, duration 3-5 hours.
- Patients should check blood sugar levels 15 minutes before meals, regularly getting doses adjusted based on readings.
Hypoglycemic Episodes
- Symptoms include sweating, irritability, cool skin, drowsiness, and lack of coordination.
- Treat conscious patients with fast-acting carbohydrates (glucose tablets, juice); check blood sugar after 10-15 minutes.
- For unconscious or confused patients, administer glucagon IM or 10%-20% glucose IV, monitor levels until above 4mmol/L.
Complications of Diabetes
- Long-term effects include heart disease, eye disease, kidney damage, and vascular issues.
- In cases of hyperglycemic crisis, assess neurological status, check blood glucose, and notify doctors for IV fluid administration.
- Common causes include infections, missed insulin doses, and certain medications.
Nursing Interventions
- Maintain privacy and confidentiality by securing documents and following infection control guidelines.
- For wound care, assess surrounding skin, provide saline cleaning, apply dressings, and document changes.
- Create a repositioning plan for pressure ulcers and refer to specialists if necessary.
Managing Patient Care
- Address patient or family concerns with active listening, acknowledge feelings, and provide actionable solutions.
- During busy shifts, prioritize urgent tasks based on handover notes, communicate with the team, and reassess task priorities regularly.
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Description
This quiz explores the mechanisms of diabetes, focusing on how insulin and glucagon regulate blood sugar levels. Learn how these hormones interact with the body’s cells and the impact of food intake on overall health. Test your knowledge about the biological processes involved in diabetes management.
