Understanding Diabetes
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Questions and Answers

What is a common symptom of a hypoglycaemic episode?

  • Persistent headache
  • Increased thirst
  • Sweating or clammy skin (correct)
  • Fever and chills

    • Which of the following is a treatment for a conscious patient experiencing hypoglycaemia?

  • Intravenous insulin
  • Glucose tablets (correct)
  • Thiamine supplement
  • Glucagon injection

    • What should be administered if a non-conscious patient is unable to swallow?

  • High carbohydrate meal
  • A sugary drink
  • IM injection of glucagon (correct)
  • Glucose tablets

    • What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

    <p>To assist cells in absorbing glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first action taken after giving treatment to a conscious patient for hypoglycaemia?

    <p>Recheck blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances should be given to patients who are alcoholic experiencing hypoglycaemia?

    <p>Thiamine supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the pancreas when blood sugar levels are low?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible long-term complication of recurrent hypoglycaemia?

    <p>Eye disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target blood glucose level before meals?

    <p>4-7 mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>It can occur due to autoimmune destruction of the pancreas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient remains unresponsive after initial treatment for hypoglycaemia?

    <p>Perform a glucose intravenous infusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hypo in the context of blood glucose levels?

    <p>A blood sugar level lower than 4 mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method helps treat a hypoglycaemic patient once they regain consciousness?

    <p>Long-acting carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of rapid acting insulin like Novolog?

    <p>3-5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prediabetes?

    <p>A state where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but can be reversed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak time for rapid acting insulin if administered before a meal?

    <p>1-2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of the working environment at Northern Care Alliance?

    <p>A supportive and collaborative atmosphere for nurses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>The pancreas not producing enough insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diabetes-related condition typically resolves after childbirth?

    <p>Gestational diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the trust manage acute diabetes emergencies according to the information?

    <p>During patients' hospital stays for other conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the nursing placement teach about diabetes monitoring devices?

    <p>Libre 2 sensors had issues with false readings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is primarily responsible for Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Insufficient insulin production or resistance in body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important measure for maintaining confidentiality in a healthcare setting?

    <p>Storing records in a locked cabinet with access to authorized members only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Northern Care Alliance diabetes care program primarily offer?

    <p>Comprehensive services for both hospital and community settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cellular dehydration when water leaves the cells?

    <p>Excess glucose in the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is associated with severe dehydration?

    <p>Severe fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of nursing interventions in managing hyperosmolarity?

    <p>To rehydrate without causing rapid shifts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common medication type may contribute to hyperosmolarity?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid is recommended for IV administration to assist with fluid deficit?

    <p>0.9% saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed to monitor the patient's neurological status during treatment?

    <p>Cognitive function and alertness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can be a potential complication of hyperosmolarity if fluid shifts are too rapid?

    <p>Cerebral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical step in monitoring treatment for hyperosmolarity after starting IV fluids?

    <p>Check blood glucose levels hourly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step taken when addressing the wound care plan?

    <p>Inspecting the skin surrounding the wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored regularly in relation to the ulcer?

    <p>The size of the ulcer and signs of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a busy shift, what is the best way to ensure prioritized task completion?

    <p>Reviewing handover notes and creating a checklist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a family member expresses dissatisfaction with care?

    <p>Active listening and providing a clear actionable solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can pressure relief be achieved for a patient with a wound?

    <p>By lifting the area with pillows and wedges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important step after addressing a complaint from a patient or family member?

    <p>Checking in later to ensure satisfaction with the resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signs should be checked for when providing wound care?

    <p>Signs of infection such as warmth, redness, or pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to refer a patient to a podiatrist?

    <p>For specialized foot care if necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Diabetes

    • High sugar levels after eating prompt the pancreas to release insulin and enzymes, lowering blood sugar by feeding cells.
    • Glucagon, released when fasting, signals the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose to maintain blood sugar levels.
    • Type 1 diabetes may be genetic or autoimmune, leading to little or no insulin production by a damaged pancreas.
    • Type 2 diabetes is lifestyle-related, where insulin is produced but cells resist opening to it, causing high blood sugar.
    • Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy, often resolving after birth; prediabetes indicates elevated blood sugar that can lead to type 2.

    Blood Glucose Monitoring

    • Target glucose levels: 4mmol/L to 7mmol/L before meals; 8mmol/L to 9mmol/L after meals.
    • Hypoglycemia is indicated by blood sugar levels below 4mmol/L; hyperglycemia above 7mmol/L (fasting) and over 11mmol/L at any time.
    • Regular monitoring is crucial, especially before meals and bedtime, due to supplementary nutrition.

    Insulin Overview

    • Insulin onset is when it begins to work; peak is when it is most effective; duration is the time until it is out of the system.
    • Common rapid-acting insulins: Lispro, Novolog, with onset around 30 minutes, peak 1-2 hours, duration 3-5 hours.
    • Patients should check blood sugar levels 15 minutes before meals, regularly getting doses adjusted based on readings.

    Hypoglycemic Episodes

    • Symptoms include sweating, irritability, cool skin, drowsiness, and lack of coordination.
    • Treat conscious patients with fast-acting carbohydrates (glucose tablets, juice); check blood sugar after 10-15 minutes.
    • For unconscious or confused patients, administer glucagon IM or 10%-20% glucose IV, monitor levels until above 4mmol/L.

    Complications of Diabetes

    • Long-term effects include heart disease, eye disease, kidney damage, and vascular issues.
    • In cases of hyperglycemic crisis, assess neurological status, check blood glucose, and notify doctors for IV fluid administration.
    • Common causes include infections, missed insulin doses, and certain medications.

    Nursing Interventions

    • Maintain privacy and confidentiality by securing documents and following infection control guidelines.
    • For wound care, assess surrounding skin, provide saline cleaning, apply dressings, and document changes.
    • Create a repositioning plan for pressure ulcers and refer to specialists if necessary.

    Managing Patient Care

    • Address patient or family concerns with active listening, acknowledge feelings, and provide actionable solutions.
    • During busy shifts, prioritize urgent tasks based on handover notes, communicate with the team, and reassess task priorities regularly.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the mechanisms of diabetes, focusing on how insulin and glucagon regulate blood sugar levels. Learn how these hormones interact with the body’s cells and the impact of food intake on overall health. Test your knowledge about the biological processes involved in diabetes management.

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