Understanding Death and Dying
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Questions and Answers

What is one purpose of the Haka chant dance in Māori culture?

  • To honor community leaders
  • To mark the harvest season
  • To celebrate birthdays
  • To uplift the spirits of bereaved families (correct)

Wailing and lamenting performances are no longer relevant in modern cultures.

False (B)

What are professional mourners hired to do?

Express emotions at funerals and increase attendance.

The traditional Irish wake often features the ______ as part of its grieving process.

<p>keen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following practices with their corresponding cultures:

<p>Haka = Māori of New Zealand Keen = Irish Wailing = Yemenite-Jewish Professional mourning = Various cultures worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common element in cross-cultural rituals related to death?

<p>Sharing of food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Professional mourners only perform somber activities at funerals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a historical role of women in the context of mourning services.

<p>They performed lamentations and were paid for their services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does grave recycling refer to?

<p>Exhuming bodies and reusing burial plots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 19th Century Europe, families owned their burial plots indefinitely.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration for burial plot rentals in Greece?

<p>3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

In New Orleans, caskets are typically stored on __________ in family tombs.

<p>shelves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following countries with their burial plot practices:

<p>Germany = Term limited leases Greece = Short-term rentals (3 years) UK = Initiating grave recycling practices Portugal = Return to common ossuaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common practice in family tombs in New Orleans?

<p>Placing the newest casket on the top shelf (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The City of London Cemetery reuses burial plots that are at least 50 years old.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the casket after the remains have been placed on the lower shelf in New Orleans tombs?

<p>The casket is destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated number of Tutsi slaughtered during the genocide in Rwanda?

<p>800,000 to one million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The genocide in Rwanda ended in July 1995.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does IRS stand for in the context of Canadian Indigenous policies?

<p>Indian Residential Schools</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Canadian government was responsible for the genocide against Indigenous peoples through policies and actions, including the _____ system.

<p>Residential School</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their corresponding effects:

<p>The Rwandan Genocide = Estimated 800,000 Tutsi slaughtered Indian Residential Schools = Cultural genocide against Indigenous peoples Sixties Scoop = Removal of Indigenous children from their families National Inquiry into MMIWG = Genocide against Indigenous peoples confirmed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of Tutsi women and girls who were raped during the genocide contracted the AIDS virus?

<p>Two-thirds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission referred to the experiences of Indigenous communities as cultural genocide.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As of June 2021, there were _____ documented deaths of Indigenous children at residential schools in Canada.

<p>4117</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a negative behavior to avoid when posting on social media about someone's death?

<p>Posting comments like 'they're in a better place' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Grief is only a reaction to the death of a loved one.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one suggested component of a national grief strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic?

<p>Public awareness campaigns</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are over ___ million reported deaths worldwide from COVID-19 as of April 2022.

<p>six</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the reasons for grief experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic to their descriptions:

<p>Loss of relationships = Loss tied to a lack of emotional and physical connection Economic loss = Loss affecting financial security and stability Health care impact = Loss related to changes in health care availability Grief from death = Emotional response to the death of loved ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of people grieving for every person who dies?

<p>Five (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lack of end-of-life rituals does not affect how people grieve.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic mentioned in the content.

<p>Lack of emotional support</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about palliative care is true?

<p>Palliative care can be provided alongside curative treatments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The framework on palliative care in Canada does not recognize the diversity of its peoples.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis time frame for hospice care?

<p>6 months or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to palliative care principles, death, dying, grief, and ______ are a natural part of life.

<p>bereavement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Canadians prefer to die at home?

<p>75% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Home palliative care recipients are less likely to die in an emergency department or intensive care unit.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gap in palliative care access is indicated by the statistics for Canadians preferring to die at home?

<p>Limited access to palliative home care services</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following guiding principles of palliative care with their descriptions:

<p>Person- and family-centred care = Focuses on the needs and preferences of patients and families Equitable access = Ensures all individuals have equal access to care High quality and evidence based = Care practices are rooted in the latest research Diversity recognition = Acknowledges the unique backgrounds of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of palliative care?

<p>Controlling physical symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Palliative care is only for patients who are dying.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who founded St. Christopher’s Hospice in London?

<p>Dr. Cicely Saunders</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hospice care requires patients to forgo all medical treatments that are ______.

<p>life-sustaining</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of care with their descriptions:

<p>Palliative Care = Focuses on improving quality of life for those with serious illnesses Hospice Care = End-of-life care for terminally ill patients Multidisciplinary Teams = Groups that include various healthcare professionals for comprehensive care Symptom Management = Addressing pain and other physical symptoms of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly differentiates hospice and palliative care?

<p>Hospice care is aimed at end-of-life while palliative care may occur earlier. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Palliative care does not involve family in treatment considerations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one similarity between hospice and palliative care?

<p>Both aim to improve the quality of life for patients with serious illnesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Public rituals of sorrow

Rituals in many cultures that provide a way to express community grief over death and allow for emotions to release.

Haka

A traditional Māori chant dance integral to mourning processes, expressing love & compassion and uplifting bereaved families.

Wailing, keening, lamenting

Traditional ways to express grief across cultures, often performed by women, historically and sometimes today.

Professional mourners

Individuals hired in some cultures to express emotions for grieving families at funerals or pre-funeral events.

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Cross-cultural similarities

Common elements in death rituals across different cultures, such as sharing food, specific attire, and use of songs or prayers

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Mourning services

Paid services for expressing emotions or providing entertainment at funeral events in cultures around the world.

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Irish wakes

Pre-funeral events in Irish tradition involving lamenting or keening for the deceased.

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Yemenite-Jewish women

Historical example of a cultural group where women were involved in wailing as part of their mourning practices.

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Grave Recycling

The process of exhuming bodies, deepening graves, and reusing burial plots.

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Exhumation

The act of digging up a body from a grave.

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Common Ossuary

A large tomb for numerous bodies.

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Temporary Burial Leases

Limited-term rentals of burial plots.

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Family Tombs (New Orleans)

Above-ground burial sites with multiple levels for family members' remains.

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Limited Burial Plots

The trend towards time-limited grave/cemetery rentals.

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Grave Recycling in Europe

A growing practice in Europe driven by limited burial space.

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Term-Limited Rentals (Europe)

Burial plots rented for a fixed period, rather than ownership.

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Rwandan Genocide

A period of mass killings of Tutsi people in Rwanda in 1994.

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Genocide

The deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, ethnic, or religious group.

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Residential Schools (IRS)

Government-sponsored institutions in Canada that forcibly removed Indigenous children from their families to assimilate them into Euro-Canadian culture.

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Cultural Genocide

Systematic destruction of a group's culture by attacking their traditions and beliefs.

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Sixties Scoop

The practice of forcibly removing Indigenous children from their families in Canada.

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UN Convention on Genocide

A 1948 treaty defining genocide and outlining standards for preventing and punishing it.

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Indigenous Peoples

Groups of people with a historical connection to a particular territory and a unique cultural identity.

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Estimated deaths at Residential Schools

4117 documented deaths of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis children at residential schools across Canada, a number that is growing.

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Palliative care

A specialized approach to medical care focusing on relieving suffering and improving quality of life for individuals with serious illnesses, regardless of their prognosis. It involves managing physical symptoms, providing emotional support, and addressing spiritual and practical needs.

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Goals of palliative care

Palliative care aims to improve quality of life for patients with serious illnesses, often by managing pain and other symptoms, addressing psychological and social needs, and providing support to patients and their families.

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Multidisciplinary team

Palliative care is delivered by a group of different healthcare professionals, such as physicians, nurses, social workers, and therapists, who work together to meet the patient's needs.

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Hospice care

A type of palliative care program specifically for individuals with a life expectancy of six months or less, focusing on providing comfort and emotional support.

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Similarities between Hospice and Palliative Care

Both Hospice and Palliative Care provide specialized care and support for individuals with serious illnesses, aim to improve the patient's quality of life, are family-oriented, and utilize a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, and social workers.

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Difference between Hospice and Palliative Care

Hospice care requires patients to forgo curative or life-prolonging medical treatments, focusing instead on comfort care and symptom management.

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Dr. Cicely Saunders

A British physician who pioneered the modern hospice movement, emphasizing compassionate care for the terminally ill and founding St. Christopher's Hospice in 1967.

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When did hospice care start in Canada?

Hospice care began in Canada in the mid-1970s with the establishment of hospice-palliative care units in hospitals. The first community-based hospice opened in Ontario in 1979.

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What distinguishes palliative care from hospice?

Unlike hospice, which focuses on the final stages of life, palliative care is available regardless of time limits and can be received alongside life-sustaining or curative treatments.

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Canadian Framework on Palliative Care

A set of guiding principles established in 2017 by Health Canada to ensure high-quality palliative care across Canada, addressing aspects like equity, access, and cultural sensitivity.

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Guiding Principles of Palliative Care

Fundamental values that shape the practice of palliative care in Canada, emphasizing patient and family-centered care, holistic and integrated approaches, equitable access, and cultural awareness.

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Challenges in Canadian Palliative Care

Despite improvements, there are gaps in access and quality of palliative care across Canada, with limited access to home care and disparities in care based on illness types.

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Importance of Home Care

Providing palliative care in a familiar home setting can be highly preferred by patients. However, access to quality home care services remains a challenge for many Canadians.

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Recommendations to Improve Palliative Care

Various organizations are advocating for solutions to address gaps in access and quality, aiming to improve palliative care for all Canadians.

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Social Media & Grief

Using social media to share information about funeral arrangements can be helpful, but it's important to avoid insensitive comments, invasive questions, and sharing private information about the deceased. Respect the family's wishes and allow them to decide what and how they want to share.

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COVID-19 and Grief

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on grief, not just due to deaths but also due to various other losses like job security, social connections, and a sense of control in life.

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Grief Beyond Death

Grief is not just a reaction to death. It can also be tied to loss of jobs, relationships, financial security, physical health, and emotional well-being.

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Impact of Rituals

Postponing or cancelling end-of-life rituals impacts not only how we mourn the dead but also how we grieve all types of losses, including those unrelated to death.

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National Grief Strategy

A comprehensive approach to addressing grief in the population, possibly involving public awareness campaigns, educational initiatives, and funding for research.

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Supporting Others Through Grief

A national grief strategy could help us better understand and manage grief, recognize it in ourselves, and provide better support to those who are grieving.

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Grief and the Pandemic

The pandemic has highlighted the need for a national grief strategy, emphasizing the importance of recognizing, understanding, and supporting grief in ourselves and others.

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Loss and the Pandemic

The pandemic has caused a multitude of losses beyond deaths, including job security, social connections, and a sense of control over life, making it crucial to address the complex nature of grief.

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Study Notes

Death and Dying

  • People rarely engage with death-related topics
  • Social norms and cultural beliefs discourage discussing death
  • Birth and death are significant life transitions, but dying isn't always honoured like birth
  • People avoid talking about death when a loved one is dying
  • Talking about death with loved ones is a significant act of love, beneficial for both the dying person and the caregiver
  • Open conversations about death are important to acknowledge life's inevitability
  • Ideally, death discussions should happen before a crisis happens

Death Positivity

  • Death positivity is a social movement that encourages open conversations about death
  • Death positivity challenges negative views on death and dying
  • The movement promotes compassionate communities
  • Examples of initiatives include Death Cafes, Death Over Dinner, and The Conversation Project

Historical Beliefs and Practices

  • Humans have various customs and rituals for dealing with death
  • Death rituals across cultures address fears of the dead and honour the deceased
  • Ancient practices included closing the eyes or placing bodies feet first in the grave, to prevent the dead from beckoning the living
  • Early burial methods included caves, trees or burial mounds
  • Modern practices developed alongside medical advancements, including embalming, improved burial spaces and grave recycling

Compassionate Communities

  • Social isolation and loneliness are significant public health issues
  • Community social capital can supplement formal healthcare systems
  • Compassionate Communities actively support those with serious illness or experiencing social isolation
  • They address social determinants of health, support practical and emotional needs
  • Communities tailor their approach based on specific necessities
  • They aim to reduce the need for professional intervention in end-of-life care
  • Many cultures use rituals to mark important life course transitions
  • These rituals involve activities to mark death/signify important beliefs
  • Examples include preparation of the body (e.g., washing, dressing, and embalming), vigils, burial, or cremation
  • Memorial services and gatherings
  • Rituals vary across cultures and religions
  • Memorials and rituals offer grieving individuals and communities a sense of closure and shared loss

Dealing with Bodies after Death

  • Embalming, a method of body preservation, dates back to ancient Egypt
  • Mummification was a multi-step process
  • Modern embalming involves replacing body fluids with chemicals, to prevent decomposition
  • In modern times, burial, traditional cremation, green burial, and aquamation are the main options for body disposal

Dealing with Death and Pandemics

  • Pandemics have significantly influenced societal views and responses
  • Misinformation, discrimination and blame of certain groups can hinder responses
  • Stigmatization, denial, exclusion or other negative consequences during pandemics are significant
  • Historical examples include bubonic plague, Spanish Flu, HIV/AIDS, and most recently COVID-19
  • Social responses include changes in funeral and religious practices

Advanced Directives and Planning for Death

  • Advance care planning is the process of preparing for future health and medical decisions
  • Having an ACP is beneficial for individuals and loved ones
  • Creating an ACP involves thinking, learning, deciding, talking, and recording
  • Substitute decision maker(s) (SDMs) are crucial
  • A SDM must uphold the wishes and values detailed in the ACP
  • Advance care planning is a process for considering specific situations for illness, end-of-life care, and other health situations

Grief, Loss and Bereavement

  • Grief is a psychological, emotional, physical, social reaction to loss
  • Outward expressions of grief (mourning) vary among cultures and individuals
  • Grief is not linear, it does not have a prescribed timeline
  • Grief is the ongoing process of adjusting to loss
  • Support for those experiencing grief can come from many sources

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Related Documents

Textbook Chapter Notes: Let’s Talk About Death And Dying PDF

Description

This quiz explores the complexities surrounding death and dying, emphasizing the importance of discussing these topics openly. It delves into cultural beliefs, societal norms, and the death positivity movement that encourages compassionate dialogue. Discover how conversations about death can honor life and benefit both caregivers and the dying.

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