Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

The study of human biology, including evolution, genetics, and physical adaptations.

The study of cultural behavior and beliefs, including social organization, language, and material culture.

Recovering information about human structures from the past, including artifacts, settlements, and remains.

The study of the nature and tones of languages in communication systems.

The study of the state and government, including political systems, institutions, and processes.

Language is considered the 'soul' of culture because it enables communication, transmits knowledge, and shapes cultural identity.

Cultural ideas, activities, and artifacts are passed down from one generation to the next through imitation and learning.

Language is the 'storehouse of culture' because it contains the accumulated knowledge, values, and beliefs of a society.

Genetic transmission is not a form of communication in culture, as it involves biological inheritance, not cultural learning.

Some cultural ideas, activities, and artifacts can be acquired through imitation, even without explicit teaching.

Changes in one aspect of culture often necessitate changes in other areas, as elements of culture are interconnected.

Cultural norms and values includes various aspects of life like music, dance, poetry, and artistic expressions.

Intangible aspects of existence are not a distinguishing feature of an ethnic group. Instead, shared language, common origin, and cultural practices are defining characteristics.

Major ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines include Tagalog, Cebuano, and Ilocano, each with distinct languages and cultural practices.

Religion is a set of beliefs and practices related to the supernatural, including deities, spirits, and the afterlife.

Breakthroughs in medicine are not part of culture. They belong to the realm of scientific advancements and medical knowledge.

An ethnic group is distinguished from others by shared language, common origin, and cultural practices.

The 'palakasan system' refers to a system where individuals gain advantages by knowing someone powerful in the government.

Electricity is not mentioned as an economic symbol in the text. Symbols discussed include money, currency, and savings.

The traditional way of saving money in the Philippines is described as 'alkansya,' a piggy bank used for personal savings.

Symbols and symbolism are used for various purposes, including communication, representation, and cultural expression.

€ is not mentioned as an example of a currency symbol in the text. Other symbols mentioned include $, £, and ¥.

The 'paluwagan' system is a type of group savings where members contribute to a fund managed by a designated leader.

Ethnocentrism is problematic because it fosters tensions and conflicts between societies due to biased judgments and prejudice.

Ethnocentrism affects an individual's perception of other cultures by leading to judgment based on one's own cultural values, ignoring differences.

Ethnocentrism is characterized by comparing and judging other cultures based on one's own cultural standards and values.

The Holocaust during Adolf Hitler's regime is cited as an example of ethnocentrism, where one group viewed itself as superior and persecuted others.

European countries justified colonialism and imperialism by viewing non-European cultures as uncivilized and underdeveloped, legitimizing their dominance.

American ethnocentrism has impacted international relations, leading to interference in the political affairs of other countries based on their own values.