Understanding Culture and Society - Unit 1
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Questions and Answers

What does cultural identity refer to?

The identity or feeling of belonging to a group.

Culture consists only of religious and ethnic factors.

False

Who first used the term culture?

  • Edward Tylor (correct)
  • Carl Jung
  • Sigmund Freud
  • Max Weber

    • What is the role of understanding other cultures in the Philippines?

    <p>To promote economic development and other primary socio-cultural undertakings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does socio-economic status refer to?

    <p>Status based on financial income, education, and occupation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethnicity refers to a condition in which a social group belongs to a common ______.

    <p>national or cultural tradition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes food taboos?

    <p>Prohibitions against consuming specific foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a factor that contributes to food taboos in the Philippines?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common snack called in the Philippines?

    <p>Merienda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily considered part of a person's cultural identity?

    <p>Their self-conception and self-perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is NOT included in Edward Tylor's definition of culture?

    <p>Material goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cultural background contribute to an individual's upbringing?

    <p>By influencing their values and customs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of gender identity, what is typically associated with masculinity?

    <p>Strength and assertiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible outcome of not accepting one's sexuality, according to the content?

    <p>Identity crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level can cultural background be shaped at?

    <p>Organizational, societal, or family level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential reason for understanding different cultures in society?

    <p>To foster economic development and socio-cultural undertakings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attribute is typically associated with femininity according to societal norms?

    <p>Nurturing characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is social status defined in relation to socio-economic class?

    <p>It includes prestige, power, and social ranking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the relationship between economic status and material possession?

    <p>Economic status is assessed through wealth, property, and total assets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily contributes to a food taboo in a religious context?

    <p>Specific foods that contradict religious beliefs or practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is least likely to influence the formation of food taboos within a cultural group?

    <p>Personal taste preferences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of food taboos in the context of socio-economic status?

    <p>They can vary significantly between different socio-economic classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of ethnicity in determining social status?

    <p>Ethnicity can contribute to social ranking and identity within a community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly categorizes food that may be considered taboo?

    <p>Food linked to specific cultural or religious events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant influence on the unique cuisine of the Philippines?

    <p>Culinary influences from various nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of sociology does macrosociology primarily focus on?

    <p>Sociological perspectives such as functionalist and conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best captures the essence of anthropology?

    <p>It analyzes human variations across time and space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary contribution did Auguste Comte make to sociology?

    <p>He highlighted the unity in all aspects of social life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Max Weber, what is a significant focus of sociology?

    <p>Understanding and interpreting social action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fallacy might arise when assuming all social interactions can be studied in the same way?

    <p>Oversimplification of complex phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does microsociology differ from macrosociology in its approach?

    <p>It examines individual interactions and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does the term 'anthropos' in anthropology refer to?

    <p>Human beings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociologist is credited with defining sociology as ‘the science of society or of social phenomena’?

    <p>Lester F. Ward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum term limit for the President of the Philippines?

    <p>One six-year term with no re-election</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many members are in the House of Representatives in the Philippines?

    <p>250 members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Judiciary Department in the Philippines?

    <p>To interpret and construe the laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of election allows the President, Vice President, and Senators to be elected?

    <p>National or popular elections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the Philippine Congress?

    <p>Two chambers: Senate and House of Representatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of years a senator serves before their term is renewed?

    <p>Three years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following officials is elected directly by the people in the Philippines?

    <p>President</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Supreme Court in the Philippines?

    <p>To interpret the laws and their constitutionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary change occurs as a result of technological advancements?

    <p>Transformation of culture and lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of texting technology?

    <p>To send messages via the Short Message Service (SMS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does globalization impact organizations?

    <p>By providing technological advancement and innovation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device is commonly used for taking selfies?

    <p>Digital camera or camera phone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the phenomenon of selfies in social media?

    <p>They play a role in developing one's social identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a significant societal impact of texting technology?

    <p>More efficient ordering systems through automated interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the ability for goods and people to move freely across borders?

    <p>Globalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way has the term 'selfie' been culturally recognized?

    <p>As the word of the year by Oxford Dictionaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cultural Identity

    • Represents a feeling of belonging to a group, influencing self-conception and self-perception.
    • Encompasses nationality, ethnicity, religion, social class, generation, locality, and social groups with distinct cultures.

    Cultural Background

    • Introduced by British anthropologist Edward Tylor in 1870.
    • Defined as a complex whole including knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and habits acquired as a member of society.
    • Cultural understanding in the Philippines emphasizes collaboration across regions and languages to aid economic development.

    Gender and Sexuality

    • Gender refers to the personal traits and social roles associated with male and female members of society.
    • Masculinity is characterized by attributes, behaviors, and roles linked to men.
    • Femininity consists of attributes, behaviors, and roles typical of women.
    • Identity crises may occur if individuals struggle with their sexual identity or status.

    Socio-Economic Status

    • Defined from sociological and economic perspectives, including financial income, education, and occupation.
    • Social status reflects a person's ranking in the social ladder based on prestige and power.
    • Economic status relates to an individual’s position derived from wealth, property, and total assets.

    Ethnicity

    • Refers to a social group sharing common national or cultural traditions.
    • Ethnic groups possess traits like race, culture, or religion in common.
    • The Philippines is home to various ethno-linguistic groups with predominantly Polynesian languages.

    Ethno-Linguistic Groups

    • Includes Ivatans, Ilocanos, Pangasinenses, Kapampangans, Tagalogs, Bicolanos, and Visayans (Masbatenos, Hiligaynon, Maranaos, Subanons, and Zamboanguenos).
    • Many groups have converted to Christianity and integrated foreign cultural elements.

    Food Taboos

    • Defined as prohibitions against consuming certain foods, often linked to cultural or religious practices.
    • Associated with significant life events such as pregnancy and roles like religious leaders who may avoid specific foods.

    Food Taboos in the Philippines

    • Influenced by various cuisines, including Japanese, American, Chinese, and Indian.
    • Typical meals include three main meals with an afternoon snack called "merienda."
    • Filipino cuisine features unique dishes, such as papaitan, made from goat.

    Cultural Identity

    • Cultural identity encompasses the sense of belonging to a specific group, influencing self-conception and self-perception.
    • Factors contributing to cultural identity include nationality, ethnicity, religion, social class, generation, locality, and distinct cultural group associations.

    Cultural Background

    • Edward Tylor, a British anthropologist, defined culture in 1870 as a complex whole including knowledge, beliefs, arts, law, morals, customs, and capabilities acquired by individuals within a society.
    • Cultural background arises from various ethnic, religious, racial, gender, linguistic, and socioeconomic factors affecting an individual's upbringing, shaped at familial, societal, or organizational levels.

    Gender and Sexuality

    • Gender refers to the personal traits and social roles associated with being male or female.
    • Masculinity includes behaviors and attributes traditionally associated with men, while femininity pertains to those linked to women.
    • An identity crisis may occur when individuals struggle to understand or accept their sexual orientation or gender identity.

    Socio-Economic Status

    • Socio-economic status is determined by financial income, education, and occupation, influencing a person's societal position.
    • Social status encompasses an individual's standing in society based on prestige, power, and popularity.
    • Economic status relates to wealth and asset ownership, contributing to a person's classification within social stratification.

    Ethnicity

    • Ethnicity identifies groups sharing common national or cultural traditions, often defined by racial, cultural, or religious traits.
    • The Philippines features diverse ethno-linguistic groups, primarily with languages of Polynesian origin, many having adopted Christianity and foreign cultural elements.

    Food Taboos

    • Food taboos prohibit the consumption of specific foods, often linked to cultural, religious, or ethical beliefs.
    • Examples include prohibitions on consuming certain animals or endangered species in various cultures.
    • In the Philippines, traditional cuisine is influenced by international culinary traditions, yet certain dishes remain taboo.

    Philippine Elections

    • The President, Vice President, and Senators are elected for six-year terms through national elections.
    • Local government officials, including governors and mayors, serve three-year terms, with re-election eligibility.
    • The Philippine political landscape features a multi-party system that encourages various political affiliations based on distinct platforms.

    Branches of Government

    • The Executive Branch, led by the President, enforces laws and is elected for a single six-year term with no possibility of re-election.
    • The Legislative Branch includes the Congress, composed of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives.
    • The Senate has 24 members elected nationwide, while the House consists of 250 members, combining district representatives and party-list advocates.
    • The Judiciary interprets laws through the Supreme Court, with the highest authority resting in its 15 justices.

    Technology

    • Technology encompasses material and immaterial entities created through mental and physical efforts to enhance value, affecting cultural practices and daily life.
    • Innovations in technology bring significant societal transformations across social, political, economic, and cultural domains.

    Globalization

    • Globalization refers to the integration and transformation of organizations through technological advancements, influencing international relations and domestic policies.
    • It facilitates the flow of goods and people across borders, shaping economies and cultures worldwide.

    Texting Technology

    • Text messaging utilizes portable devices to communicate via SMS and MMS, evolving to include multimedia content.
    • Texting serves as an alternative to traditional communication methods, becoming essential in modern society.

    Selfie Phenomenon

    • A selfie is a self-portrait taken with a camera or smartphone, often shared on social media platforms.
    • Selfies play a role in self-expression and identity formation, influencing social interactions and perceptions of self.

    Sociology

    • Sociology studies society and social interactions, focusing on the origin, evolution, and development of human relationships.
    • Pioneers like Auguste Comte and Max Weber contributed to defining sociology's role in understanding social dynamics.

    Anthropology

    • Anthropology examines human differences and similarities across time and space, integrating knowledge from various disciplines to understand cultural complexities.
    • Thomas H. Eriksen highlights anthropology as comprehensive knowledge about humanity and its variations.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of cultural identity and the sharing of social and cultural backgrounds. It delves into how these aspects shape one's self-conception and perception. Test your knowledge on how various factors like nationality, ethnicity, and social class contribute to cultural identity.

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