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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'ideal culture' refer to?
Which characteristic of culture emphasizes that it cannot exist without a society?
How is culture described when it is said to be 'integrated'?
What type of norm is described as everyday norms, typically unwritten?
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects the dynamic nature of culture?
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What does the term 'mores' refer to in the context of cultural norms?
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In cultural terms, what is the significance of symbols?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of culture?
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What defines mores in a society?
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Which of the following is an example of a law that formalizes mores?
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What role do values play in a society?
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Which of the following best represents symbols in culture?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a belief in culture?
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How is language defined in the context of culture?
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What is a primary characteristic of laws compared to mores?
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Which of the following illustrates a common characteristic of beliefs?
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What are cultural universals?
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Which of the following describes ethnocentrism?
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What does cultural relativism advocate?
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Which of the following is an example of xenocentrism?
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What is a common example of a cultural universal?
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Why is understanding cultural diversity important?
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What might be an outcome of cultural relativism in intercultural interactions?
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Which of the following would best illustrate an element of cultural universals?
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What does culture encompass according to Sir Edward Burnett Tylor?
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Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?
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What distinguishes subcultures from countercultures?
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Which of the following traits is commonly associated with Filipino culture?
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What is the primary characteristic of counterculture?
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Which of these is NOT an example of material culture?
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How does Richley Crapo define culture?
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What characteristic is NOT typically associated with Filipino culture?
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Study Notes
Understanding Culture
- Culture is defined as the complex whole encompassing beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, and knowledge a person learns and shares as a member of society.
- Culture is a system of ideas, feelings, and survival strategies that are shared in a particular group.
- Material culture encompasses human inventions such as tools, weapons, and instruments.
- Nonmaterial culture refers to ideas formed within a society, including beliefs, perceptions, and traditions.
Filipino Traits and Characteristics
- Key Filipino values include hospitality, strong family ties, religiosity, generosity, a strong work ethic, "hiya," humor, and positivity.
Subculture and Counterculture
- Subcultures are groups within a larger culture that have their own distinctive characteristics while remaining compatible with the dominant culture.
- Countercultures are groups whose values, beliefs, and behaviors oppose the broader culture.
Ideal and Real Culture
- Ideal culture represents how people describe their way of life.
- Real culture refers to people’s actual behavior in society.
Characteristics of Culture
- Culture is shared: It requires a significant portion of a society to share a belief, value, or practice.
- Culture is learned: Culture is learned from people, institutions, and media, often unconsciously.
- Culture is based on symbols: Symbolic culture enables human communication and must be taught.
- Culture is integrated: All aspects of culture are interrelated.
- Culture is dynamic: Culture is constantly changing, adapting to the environment.
Elements of Culture
- Norms are a society's standards of acceptable behavior, essential for structuring social interactions.
- Folkways are everyday norms, such as shaking hands upon introductions.
- Mores are important customs or folkways that need strict adherence, such as respecting elders.
- Laws are formalized mores that are legislated, approved, and implemented, such as laws regarding senior citizen benefits or flag etiquette.
- Beliefs are explanations for experiences or ideas held to be true, factual, and real.
- Symbols are representations or illustrations that carry meaning and often represent beliefs or culture.
- Language is a system of symbols used for communication, interaction, and sharing views or beliefs.
- Values are desirable goals that guide individual actions and shape a society by defining what is considered good and bad.
Orientations in Viewing Other Cultures
- Cultural universals are elements, patterns, traits, or institutions common to all human cultures worldwide.
- Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior to others.
- Xenocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is inferior to another.
- Cultural relativism is the idea that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on their own culture, rather than judged by another's standards.
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Description
Explore the intricate concepts of culture, including its definitions, material and nonmaterial aspects. Delve into Filipino values and characteristics, as well as the distinctions between subcultures and countercultures. Test your knowledge on these essential cultural elements.
