Understanding Content Analysis

KPWD Civil Engineering and Public Health Engineering Syllabus

• This book is for Karnataka Public Works Department (KPWD) Civil Engineering and Public Health Engineering.
• It includes theory and practice questions.
• The scope covers Hyderabad, Delhi, Pune, Bangalore, Lucknow, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Tirupati, Kolkata, and Ahmedabad.

Sanitary Engineering

• Drainage and Sewerage Schemes:
  • Surface drainage, underground sewerage systems, arrangement of works, design principles, data collection, and allowances for foul water.
  • Rainfall, sewer size, velocity, gradients, selection of suitable systems, and design.
  • Details of house drainage - water closets, taps, soil, and other pipes, sinks, and fixtures.
  • Sewer laying, joining, testing, manhole construction, flushing tanks, overflow junctions, and catch basins.
  • Sewage treatment, including modern methods like diffused air systems, solid refuse/waste disposal, screening, pulversing, and composting.
• Public Health Elements:
  • Latrines, drainage, and refuse disposal for various settings (e.g., restaurants, markets, hospitals, etc.).
  • Food and milk sanitation, restaurant hygiene, market layouts, slaughterhouses, cemeteries, parks, hospitals, playgrounds, and cinema halls.
  • Town planning elements, including housing, zoning, lighting, ventilation, and pest control (malaria, flies, rodents).
  • Rural sanitation, festivals, and disinfection.

Water Supply

• Importance of Water Supply:
  • Value and importance of water for domestic, commercial, and public purposes.
• Water Quantity:
  • Estimating water demand for a town or city, considering population growth, consumption per capita.
  • Water sources, including surface water (rainfall), impounded water, perennial streams, artesian wells, and infiltration galleries.
• Water Quality:
  • Water analysis (physical, chemical, microbiological).
  • Waterborne diseases, protection of water supplies, and pollution control measures.
• Water Works Construction:
  • Water intake works, different types of pipes, and distribution system.
  • System maintenance, repair, and leakage detection.
  • Issues relating to water waste and conservation.

Contents (Chapter Breakdown)

• Each chapter has a specific page range.
• The listed chapters include Drainage and Sewerage, House Drainage, Sewer Appurtenances, Public Health Engineering, Town planning, construction of water intake water supply.

Sewerage Design and Components

• Design Period: The period for which sewer system components are designed, factoring in population growth, investment, and maintenance issues
• Self-cleansing Velocity: Velocities required in sewers to prevent solids from settling
• Non-scouring Velocity: Minimum velocity needed to prevent sewer material erosion
• Types of Sewers: Materials of construction, such as asbestos cement, brick, cast iron, and concrete

Types of Sewers and Joints

• Asbestos Cement Sewers made of asbestos, silica, and cement for sewer use.
• Brick Sewers constructed at site, suitable for large sewers but less used today.
• Cast Iron Sewers are stronger and suitable for high pressure and heavy traffic areas.
• Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) or Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) pipes used for internal pressure or external pressure.
• Corrugated Iron Sewers used for storm sewers, often coated to prevent corrosion.
• Plastic Sewers (PVC) are lightweight, corrosion resistant, and commonly used in house drainage systems
• Other Types of Sewers (Box, rectangular, basket-handle, parabolic, horse-shoe, semi-circular, U-shaped, Semi-elliptical)
• Joints (Socket and Spigot, Collar, Mechanical)

Ventilation and Freeboard

• Methods of ventilation to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings
• Freeboard in drains for design of storm-water drains

Pathogenic Micro-organisms

• Common pathogenic organisms found in raw waste water.
• Their associated diseases and transmission routes
• Specific characteristics of each contaminant.

Practice Questions

• Includes questions on various concepts covered.

This quiz focuses on key aspects of content analysis, including its primary purposes, main focus areas, tone, and intended audience. Test your knowledge on how to effectively evaluate and interpret various types of content.