Understanding Competitive Federalism
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What was one of the major strategies used by anti-abortion advocates after facing challenges at the national level?

  • Filing lawsuits in federal courts
  • Targeting state legislators (correct)
  • Targeting local schools
  • Organizing nationwide protests

    • By 2015, all states required parental involvement in a minor's decision to have an abortion.

    False

    What was the significance of the 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision?

    It ruled that abortion is not a right.

    Thirty-two states prohibited the use of public funds for abortion except in cases of ______ or ______.

    <p>danger to the pregnant person's life, rape or incest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following state policies regarding abortion with their descriptions:

    <p>Parental involvement laws = Require consent or notification for minors Refusal clause = Allows healthcare providers to opt-out of abortions Public funding restrictions = Limits taxpayer money for abortions Venue shopping regulations = Targets specific jurisdictions for favorable rulings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legal ruling rendered state-level bans against same-sex marriages obsolete?

    <p>Obergefell v. Hodges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The drinking age was lowered to 18 across all states by 1988.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) organization established?

    <p>1980</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The strategy employed by interest groups to engage different levels of government is known as ______.

    <p>venue shopping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following legal cases or acts with their descriptions:

    <p>United States v. Windsor = Case that struck down federal ban on same-sex marriage Obergefell v. Hodges = Case that legalized same-sex marriage in all states National Minimum Drinking Age Act = Mandated drinking age of 21 Roe v. Wade = Milestone case regarding abortion rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was MADD's initial focus in their advocacy efforts?

    <p>Raising the drinking age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    States with lower drinking ages had no economic interests in maintaining them.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What federal action did MADD successfully advocate for in the 1980s?

    <p>National Minimum Drinking Age Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function is clearly a federal matter?

    <p>National security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    States have had exclusive authority over immigration policy for many years.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one issue that has seen contention between states and the federal government in recent decades?

    <p>Immigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 2020, thirty-two different states enacted a total of _____ new measures related to immigration.

    <p>206</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following policy areas to the level of government responsible:

    <p>National security = Federal government Issuance of licenses = State government Garbage collection = Local government Marriage legality = State government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following policy issues has NOT been prominently contended between states and the federal government?

    <p>Taxation policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state has been mentioned as being at the forefront of immigration federalism?

    <p>Arizona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interest groups can only address policy issues at the federal level.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary aim of Arizona's Senate Bill 1070?

    <p>To make it difficult for undocumented immigrants to live in the state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Supreme Court upheld all four central provisions of Arizona's Senate Bill 1070.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. United States emphasize about the authority to regulate immigration?

    <p>The decision emphasized the broad and undoubted authority of the U.S. government to regulate immigration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to a poll conducted by Arizona State University, _____ percent of Latino voters opposed Senate Bill 1070.

    <p>81</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following provisions of Arizona's Senate Bill 1070 with their outcomes:

    <p>Police arrest without warrant = Struck down by the Supreme Court Seeking a job without documentation = Struck down by the Supreme Court 'Show me your papers' provision = Upheld by the Supreme Court Being in Arizona without valid immigration = Struck down by the Supreme Court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which provision was upheld by the Supreme Court in the Arizona v. United States case?

    <p>'Show me your papers' provision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Support for Arizona's tough stance on immigration was universally accepted, with no opposition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What warning did the Supreme Court provide to Arizona regarding the upheld provision?

    <p>They warned that Arizona could face civil rights lawsuits if police applied the provision based on racial profiling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impactful decision did the U.S. Supreme Court make in Obergefell v. Hodges in 2015?

    <p>It declared same-sex marriage a constitutional right.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Windsor decision allowed the federal government to discriminate against same-sex married couples.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of federal courts following the Windsor decision regarding same-sex marriage?

    <p>Federal courts invalidated state bans on same-sex marriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 2015, marriage equality was recognized in _____ states plus Washington, DC.

    <p>thirty-six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their impact on same-sex marriage rights:

    <p>Windsor decision = Prohibited federal discrimination against same-sex marriage Obergefell v. Hodges = Established constitutional right to same-sex marriage 2014 Supreme Court's inaction = Affirmed same-sex marriage in thirty states 2013 state bans = Led to subsequent court challenges overturned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inspired significant cultural change regarding same-sex marriage in America?

    <p>Edith Windsor's personal story</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Windsor case limited the number of states that could recognize same-sex marriages.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Windsor decision influence federal judges regarding same-sex marriage?

    <p>It provided a clear rationale to invalidate state bans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the California Immigrant Resilience Fund?

    <p>To support undocumented Californians not eligible for other COVID-19 programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) defined marriage as a union between two individuals of the same sex.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the plaintiff in the United States v. Windsor case?

    <p>Edith Windsor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first state to recognize marriage equality was _______, which did so in 2004.

    <p>Massachusetts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following actions or laws with their descriptions:

    <p>California Immigrant Resilience Fund = Provided funds for undocumented Californians during COVID-19 Defense of Marriage Act = Defined marriage as between a man and a woman United States v. Windsor = Supreme Court case that ruled against DOMA Edith Windsor = Icon of the marriage equality movement who fought DOMA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Supreme Court rule in United States v. Windsor regarding state authority?

    <p>States have historic authority to define marriage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 2006, twenty-seven states had recognized same-sex marriage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did Edith Windsor and Thea Spyer marry in Canada?

    <p>2007</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Objectives

    • Explain the concept of competitive federalism
    • Analyze the issues where states and the federal government disagree

    Functions of Government:

    • Federal government: National Security
    • State governments: Licensing
    • Local governments: Garbage collection
    • Policy issues, e.g., immigration and LGBTQ+ rights, redefined due to changing roles of state and federal governments.
    • Interest groups can influence policy by advocating at either the state or federal level.

    Contending Issues:

    • Immigration and marriage equality previously had clear responsibilities

    • Federal government handled immigration, and states handled marriage legality.

    • This arrangement is changing; both levels of government are involved now.

    • Immigration federalism: states have taken greater roles in immigration policy.

    • Recent movement: states asserting jurisdiction by restricting undocumented immigrants and regulating immigration-related aspects.

    • Examples: enacting laws, resolutions related to education, healthcare, and welfare, etc.

    • Increased state involvement: 25 states passed 39 laws in 2005;

    • 43 states and Washington, D.C., had passed 288 laws by 2014

    • 32 states passed 206 laws in 2020.

    • Many of these laws relate to COVID-19.

    Arizona and Federalism:

    • Arizona passed Senate Bill 1070 in 2010.
    • The bill aimed to discourage undocumented immigrants.
    • Federal government sued to block the law, claiming conflict with federal immigration laws.
    • Public opinion: 81% of Latino voters opposed the bill, according to Arizona State University researchers.
    • Supreme Court Ruling (2012): Affirmed federal supremacy in immigration.
    • Overturned three of four central provisions of Arizona's law., allowing police to arrest without warrant and criminalizing immigration statuses, etc.
    • Upholding the "show me your papers" provision, but warned about racial profiling.

    LGBTQ+ Marital Rights:

    • Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) 1996 defined marriage between one man and one woman.
    • It allowed states to decide on same-sex marriage recognition.
    • Many states had laws banning same-sex marriage in 1997 & 2006.
    • Massachusetts was the first to recognize same-sex marriage but 27 states banned it by 2006.
    • Supreme Court (Windsor 2013): The court struck down DOMA provisions,
    • Court established that states possess authority to define marriage, and federal involvement was not justified.
    • Other federal courts followed this, allowing same-sex marriage nationwide. (Obergefell v. Hodges in 2015)
    • Same-sex marriage is now recognized in 36+ states

    Additional Strategies:

    • Venue shopping: Interest groups use both state and federal governments, selecting the level most advantageous for their goals.
    • Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD): Example of venue shopping by redirecting concerns from states to the federal level by achieving the National Minimum Drinking Age Act (NMDAA) in 1984,
    • Anti-abortion groups later followed this strategy to limit abortion rights.

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    Related Documents

    Competitive Federalism Today - American Government 3e PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the concept of competitive federalism and the ongoing tensions between state and federal governments on various policy issues. It analyzes case studies such as immigration and marriage equality, highlighting how jurisdiction is shared and evolving. Test your knowledge on how interest groups influence policy at both levels of government.

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