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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best explains why a high ignition temperature is a desirable characteristic for a good fuel?
Which of the following best explains why a high ignition temperature is a desirable characteristic for a good fuel?
- It guarantees a high calorific value, making the fuel more efficient.
- It reduces the production of undesirable substances after burning.
- It ensures the fuel combusts completely, maximizing energy output.
- It prevents accidental ignition during storage and handling. (correct)
A fuel is considered more efficient when it has a higher what?
A fuel is considered more efficient when it has a higher what?
- Carbon footprint
- Rate of combustion
- Calorific value (correct)
- Ignition temperature
Burning coal in a closed room is dangerous due to the production of carbon monoxide. What makes carbon monoxide particularly hazardous?
Burning coal in a closed room is dangerous due to the production of carbon monoxide. What makes carbon monoxide particularly hazardous?
- It contributes to acid rain, damaging building materials
- It is a highly poisonous gas that can be lethal (correct)
- It depletes the oxygen concentration, leading to suffocation
- It is an irritant to the respiratory system, causing inflammation and swelling
Which of the following environmental issues is primarily caused by the release of carbon dioxide during fuel combustion?
Which of the following environmental issues is primarily caused by the release of carbon dioxide during fuel combustion?
Acid rain is a harmful environmental effect of burning fuels. Which of the following best describes how acid rain is formed?
Acid rain is a harmful environmental effect of burning fuels. Which of the following best describes how acid rain is formed?
Which condition is NOT essential for combustion to occur?
Which condition is NOT essential for combustion to occur?
What is the primary reason water is ineffective in extinguishing oil fires?
What is the primary reason water is ineffective in extinguishing oil fires?
Which type of combustion involves a rapid chemical reaction producing heat and light, exemplified by burning petrol?
Which type of combustion involves a rapid chemical reaction producing heat and light, exemplified by burning petrol?
Why is carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) effective in extinguishing certain types of fires?
Why is carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) effective in extinguishing certain types of fires?
Which of the following best describes 'ignition temperature'?
Which of the following best describes 'ignition temperature'?
Why is water not recommended for extinguishing fires involving electrical equipment?
Why is water not recommended for extinguishing fires involving electrical equipment?
Which of the following is an example of spontaneous combustion?
Which of the following is an example of spontaneous combustion?
In addition to heat and light, what other key element characterizes an explosion as a type of combustion?
In addition to heat and light, what other key element characterizes an explosion as a type of combustion?
Flashcards
Calorific Value
Calorific Value
The amount of heat energy produced when 1 kg of a fuel is completely burned.
High Calorific Value
High Calorific Value
A fuel's ability to produce a large amount of heat when burned completely.
Unburnt Carbon Particles
Unburnt Carbon Particles
Unburnt carbon particles released during the combustion of carbon fuels like wood, coal, and petroleum
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
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Acid Rain
Acid Rain
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Combustion
Combustion
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Combustible Substance
Combustible Substance
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Conditions for Combustion
Conditions for Combustion
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Ignition Temperature
Ignition Temperature
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Inflammable Substances
Inflammable Substances
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Rapid Combustion
Rapid Combustion
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Spontaneous Combustion
Spontaneous Combustion
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Explosion
Explosion
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Study Notes
- Combustion involves a substance undergoing a chemical reaction with oxygen to produce heat and light.
- A combustible substance is one that can undergo combustion.
Conditions for Combustion
- A combustible substance must be present.
- Oxygen must be present.
- Ignition temperature must be reached.
Ignition Temperature
- Ignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which a combustible substance catches fire under specific conditions.
- Inflammable substances have very low ignition temperatures and can easily catch fire with a flame; examples are petrol, LPG, and alcohol.
Types of Combustion
- Rapid combustion occurs quickly, such as the burning of a matchstick or petrol.
- Spontaneous combustion happens on its own without external help, for example, burning of phosphorus or sodium.
- Explosion is a combustion type that produces heat, light, and sound, liberating a large amount of gases, for example, burning firecrackers.
Ways to Extinguish Fire
- Fire can be extinguished by lowering the temperature or blocking the oxygen supply.
- Water is a common fire extinguisher that cools the combustible substance below its ignition temperature.
- Water vapor can cut off the oxygen supply.
- Water cannot be used on electrical or oil fires.
- Carbon dioxide extinguishes fire by displacing oxygen, cooling the fuel, and creating a blanket.
Flame
- Certain substances produce a flame when they burn, such as candles, magnesium, camphor, and kerosene.
- Some substances burn without a flame, such as coal and charcoal.
Characteristics of a Good Fuel
- Readily available
- Cheap
- Burns at a moderate rate
- Requires a moderate ignition temperature
- Has a high calorific value
- Does not leave behind undesirable substances after burning
Fuel Efficiency
- Fuel efficiency is expressed in terms of its calorific value.
- Calorific value is the amount of heat energy released per kilogram of fuel during complete combustion, expressed in kilojoules per kg. Higher the calorific value, the more efficient the fuel.
- Calorific Value = Amount of heat produced / Weight of fuel burnt
Harmful Effects of Burning Fuels
- Increasing fuel consumption has harmful environmental impacts:
- Carbon fuels release unburnt carbon particles, causing respiratory diseases like asthma.
- Incomplete combustion produces poisonous carbon monoxide gas, which can be lethal in closed spaces.
- Combustion releases carbon dioxide, leading to global warming.
- Burning coal and diesel releases sulfur dioxide, which dissolves in rain to form acid rain, harming crops, buildings, and soil.
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Description
Explore the process of combustion, where substances react with oxygen to generate heat and light. Learn about the necessary conditions for combustion, including the presence of a combustible substance, oxygen, and reaching ignition temperature. Discover different types of combustion such as rapid, spontaneous, and explosion.
