Wittgenstein 4.2 - dissolution of Logical Atomism

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Questions and Answers

How does the shopkeeper demonstrate the practical application of language when asked for apples?

The shopkeeper follows a process of matching the specified color and quantity by looking up a color sample and counting to five, illustrating how language serves specific functions in communication.

What is the significance of the phrase 'one operates with words' in the context of language?

It emphasizes that language is not merely a collection of words but a tool used in real situations to achieve certain goals or outcomes.

Why is the practical side of language emphasized in Wittgenstein's later works compared to the Tractatus?

Wittgenstein focuses on the practical functions of language in everyday communication to clarify its role and dispel philosophical confusion.

In what way does the example of buying apples illustrate the use of sentences as instruments?

The example shows that sentences are structured to fulfill specific purposes, such as making requests or transactions. Signup and view all the answers

What does Wittgenstein imply about language through the 'phenomena of language in primitive kinds of application'?

He implies that understanding basic, practical uses of language can lead to clarity about its overall function and purpose in human interactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the central argument against the logical atomist doctrine regarding linguistic meaning?

The central argument is that if a word's content or idea is not understood or used by anyone, then it cannot be considered part of the word’s actual meaning. Signup and view all the answers

How does the conflation of meanings contribute to philosophical confusion according to the author?

The conflation of meanings leads to an absurdity where words seem to convey meanings beyond what is actually known or understood by speakers. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the author claim that language analysis cannot provide sharper definitions of concepts than actual usage?

The author argues that if competent speakers do not acknowledge sharp boundaries in their usage, then no logical analysis can impose such boundaries effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What example does the author give to illustrate the lack of sharp boundaries in concepts like evening and night?

The author uses the example that if speakers do not acknowledge a sharp boundary between evening and night, then such concepts cannot have definite limits. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the statement that the meaning of a word is conventional?

This indicates that the meaning of a word is established through shared understanding and usage among competent speakers rather than through rigid definitions. Signup and view all the answers

What is Weitz's essentialist claim about art?

Weitz claims that art is by its nature expansive, adventurous, and constantly aiming at radical change. Signup and view all the answers

How do the changes in art compare to those in fashion design and haute cuisine?

The text implies that while art changes radically, it is not uniquely indefinable as both fashion design and haute cuisine also evolve yet remain identifiable. Signup and view all the answers

What skepticism does the text express about the permanence of avant-garde art?

The text questions whether avant-garde art will stand the test of time, suggesting future generations may view works like Duchamp’s Fountain as mere jokes. Signup and view all the answers

What argument does the text make regarding literature and its evolution?

The text argues that contemporary novels often resemble older works, such as Barchester Towers, more than they do experimental texts like Finnegans Wake. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the limits of what can be considered art?

The text suggests there will always be limits to what can be regarded as art, indicating a need for definitions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Language as an Instrument

Language functions as a tool for communication, enabling actions such as purchasing items (e.g., apples).
Words and sentences acquire meaning through their use in specific contexts; they are not merely isolated constructs.
Practical application of language is emphasized, offering clarity against philosophical misinterpretation.

The Role of Context

Context in language use is crucial in shaping meaning; utterances fulfill specific functions depending on circumstances.
Philosophical confusions arise when abstraction overshadows practical applications of language use.

Misunderstanding of Meaning

Conflating the physical object with linguistic meaning creates confusion, leading to the logical atomist error regarding word descriptions.
Meaning arises from common usage; if a word doesn't actively convey ideas among speakers, its proposed content is irrelevant.

Essentialism vs. Anti-Essentialism

Weitz posits that art is inherently expansive and ever-changing, arguing against strict definitions.
The assertion that art lacks constant features is challenged, highlighting the historical stability of certain artistic concepts.

Definition and Change in Language

Definitions, especially in legal and scientific contexts, require flexibility due to evolving societal needs and technological advancements.
The idea that sharp boundaries can be created through analysis is flawed; concepts evolve with usage and understanding in communities.

Communication and Subjectivity

The meaning of words is influenced by individual subjective experiences, which may not be fully communicable.
The notion of a private language raises philosophical questions about the nature and limits of shared understanding.

Mental Images and Meaning

Mental images do not solely define meanings; context and narrative are essential to fully grasp the significance behind them.
Meaning is not considered a mental process, as understanding extends beyond internal thoughts to the interaction with language in communication.

Misinterpretation of "To Mean"

The act of "meaning" is often misunderstood; it is not a mental action but a clarification of communication.
Meaning is context-dependent and often straightforward in clear situations, negating the need for deeper interpretation.

Simplifying Communication

Instances of clear communication, such as ordering items in a store, demonstrate that meaning can be evident without complex mental processes involved.
Effective language use eliminates ambiguity, reinforcing that mutual understanding is often inherent in straightforward exchanges.

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Description

This quiz explores the relationship between color, quantity, and categorization as illustrated by a scenario involving a shopkeeper. Participants will engage with concepts of cardinal numbers and descriptive terms through contextual examples. Ideal for those studying basic mathematics or language principles.