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Questions and Answers
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
- CO = HR + SV
- CO = HR - SV
- CO = HR ÷ SV
- CO = HR × SV (correct)
How is heart rate typically measured?
How is heart rate typically measured?
- Liters per minute (L/min)
- Beats per minute (bpm) (correct)
- Milliliters per beat (ml/beat)
- Beats per second (bps)
What is the influence of an increase in heart rate on cardiac output, assuming stroke volume remains constant?
What is the influence of an increase in heart rate on cardiac output, assuming stroke volume remains constant?
- An increase in heart rate leads to a variable effect on cardiac output
- An increase in heart rate leads to a decrease in cardiac output
- An increase in heart rate leads to an increase in cardiac output (correct)
- An increase in heart rate has no effect on cardiac output
How is stroke volume usually expressed?
How is stroke volume usually expressed?
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What is the influence of an increase in stroke volume on cardiac output, assuming heart rate remains constant?
What is the influence of an increase in stroke volume on cardiac output, assuming heart rate remains constant?
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How is cardiac output expressed?
How is cardiac output expressed?
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Study Notes
Cardiac Output Formula
- The formula for calculating cardiac output is: Cardiac Output (CO) = Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV)
Measuring Heart Rate
- Heart rate is typically measured in beats per minute (bpm)
Effects of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
- An increase in heart rate, assuming stroke volume remains constant, increases cardiac output
- This is because the heart pumps more times per minute, leading to increased blood flow
Expressing Stroke Volume
- Stroke volume is usually expressed in milliliters (mL) per beat
Effects of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output
- An increase in stroke volume, assuming heart rate remains constant, increases cardiac output
- This is because the heart pumps more blood per beat, leading to increased blood flow
Expressing Cardiac Output
- Cardiac output is typically expressed in liters per minute (L/min)
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Description
Learn about cardiac output and its components, including the calculation and factors influencing it. Explore the relationship between heart rate and stroke volume in determining cardiac output.
