Understanding Cardiac Output

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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

  • CO = HR + SV
  • CO = HR - SV
  • CO = HR ÷ SV
  • CO = HR × SV (correct)

How is heart rate typically measured?

  • Liters per minute (L/min)
  • Beats per minute (bpm) (correct)
  • Milliliters per beat (ml/beat)
  • Beats per second (bps)

What is the influence of an increase in heart rate on cardiac output, assuming stroke volume remains constant?

  • An increase in heart rate leads to a variable effect on cardiac output
  • An increase in heart rate leads to a decrease in cardiac output
  • An increase in heart rate leads to an increase in cardiac output (correct)
  • An increase in heart rate has no effect on cardiac output

How is stroke volume usually expressed?

<p>Milliliters per beat (ml/beat) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the influence of an increase in stroke volume on cardiac output, assuming heart rate remains constant?

<p>An increase in stroke volume results in an increase in cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is cardiac output expressed?

<p>In liters per minute (L/min) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Cardiac Output Formula

  • The formula for calculating cardiac output is: Cardiac Output (CO) = Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV)

Measuring Heart Rate

  • Heart rate is typically measured in beats per minute (bpm)

Effects of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

  • An increase in heart rate, assuming stroke volume remains constant, increases cardiac output
  • This is because the heart pumps more times per minute, leading to increased blood flow

Expressing Stroke Volume

  • Stroke volume is usually expressed in milliliters (mL) per beat

Effects of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

  • An increase in stroke volume, assuming heart rate remains constant, increases cardiac output
  • This is because the heart pumps more blood per beat, leading to increased blood flow

Expressing Cardiac Output

  • Cardiac output is typically expressed in liters per minute (L/min)

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