Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of bones is made up of inorganic mineral crystals?
What percentage of bones is made up of inorganic mineral crystals?
- 35%
- 80%
- 65% (correct)
- 20%
Where are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets produced?
Where are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets produced?
- Nerves
- Connective tissue
- Bone marrow (correct)
- Cartilage
Which type of bone tissue is ivory-like and very dense?
Which type of bone tissue is ivory-like and very dense?
- Cortical bone (correct)
- Trabecular bone
- Spinal vertebrae
- Pelvis
What is deposited onto the protein collagen matrix of bone during bone formation?
What is deposited onto the protein collagen matrix of bone during bone formation?
What affects bone health according to the text?
What affects bone health according to the text?
What provides flexibility to bones?
What provides flexibility to bones?
Where is trabecular bone mainly found in the body?
Where is trabecular bone mainly found in the body?
Which nutrients are mentioned as important for optimizing bone health?
Which nutrients are mentioned as important for optimizing bone health?
What is the primary function of muscles in relation to bones?
What is the primary function of muscles in relation to bones?
What does the protein collagen matrix provide to bones?
What does the protein collagen matrix provide to bones?
Which cells are responsible for breaking down bone?
Which cells are responsible for breaking down bone?
What is the enzyme required for the partial breakdown of old bone?
What is the enzyme required for the partial breakdown of old bone?
Which hormone stimulates the final step of activating vitamin D in the kidneys when Calcium is needed in the blood?
Which hormone stimulates the final step of activating vitamin D in the kidneys when Calcium is needed in the blood?
What is the primary regulator of blood Calcium concentration?
What is the primary regulator of blood Calcium concentration?
What is the gold standard measure for bone density?
What is the gold standard measure for bone density?
What is the T-score indicator of bone density that signifies osteoporosis?
What is the T-score indicator of bone density that signifies osteoporosis?
What delivers dietary vitamin D to the liver?
What delivers dietary vitamin D to the liver?
Which type of bone cell builds bone?
Which type of bone cell builds bone?
What affects blood Calcium status indirectly?
What affects blood Calcium status indirectly?
What causes decreased action of osteoclasts, reducing the amount of Calcium leaving the bone and entering into the blood?
What causes decreased action of osteoclasts, reducing the amount of Calcium leaving the bone and entering into the blood?
What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin D for adults over 50?
What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin D for adults over 50?
Which food sources contain phosphorus according to the text?
Which food sources contain phosphorus according to the text?
What percentage of magnesium is found in bones?
What percentage of magnesium is found in bones?
What is the average Canadian intake of phosphorus for women and men?
What is the average Canadian intake of phosphorus for women and men?
What is the recommended daily allowance for adults of vitamin D?
What is the recommended daily allowance for adults of vitamin D?
What can lead to soft tissue damage if taken in high doses for prolonged periods?
What can lead to soft tissue damage if taken in high doses for prolonged periods?
What is the primary function of magnesium in the body according to the text?
What is the primary function of magnesium in the body according to the text?
What are the symptoms of magnesium deficiency mentioned in the text?
What are the symptoms of magnesium deficiency mentioned in the text?
Where can calcium be found according to the text?
Where can calcium be found according to the text?
What is the usual intake of calcium for adults in Canada according to the text?
What is the usual intake of calcium for adults in Canada according to the text?
What is the maximum recommended daily intake of Calcium according to the text?
What is the maximum recommended daily intake of Calcium according to the text?
Which type of Calcium supplement has the highest bioavailability?
Which type of Calcium supplement has the highest bioavailability?
Which natural source supplements should be avoided due to potential heavy metal contamination?
Which natural source supplements should be avoided due to potential heavy metal contamination?
What is the recommended maximum dose of Calcium per intake according to the text?
What is the recommended maximum dose of Calcium per intake according to the text?
What is the approximate average absorption rate for most calcium supplements according to the text?
What is the approximate average absorption rate for most calcium supplements according to the text?
When should Calcium carbonate be taken according to the text?
When should Calcium carbonate be taken according to the text?
What is the primary risk associated with exceeding the UL for Calcium intake?
What is the primary risk associated with exceeding the UL for Calcium intake?
Which mineral's absorption is decreased when Calcium intake exceeds the UL?
Which mineral's absorption is decreased when Calcium intake exceeds the UL?
At what percentage does the text approximate the absorption rate for Calcium citrate?
At what percentage does the text approximate the absorption rate for Calcium citrate?
What is recommended when taking Calcium and Iron supplements together according to the text?
What is recommended when taking Calcium and Iron supplements together according to the text?
Which mineral is best taken during time of bone and teeth development, and replaces the hydroxyl group in hydroxyapatite crystals to create a stronger crystal in bones and teeth?
Which mineral is best taken during time of bone and teeth development, and replaces the hydroxyl group in hydroxyapatite crystals to create a stronger crystal in bones and teeth?
What is the primary function of vitamin K in bone health?
What is the primary function of vitamin K in bone health?
What are the main food sources of magnesium?
What are the main food sources of magnesium?
What can lead to increased risk of dental caries due to low intake?
What can lead to increased risk of dental caries due to low intake?
What is the role of vitamin K in blood clotting?
What is the role of vitamin K in blood clotting?
What can excessive vitamin E intake impair?
What can excessive vitamin E intake impair?
Which mineral is considered non-toxic from food sources but excessive intake can hinder effects of anti-coagulant drugs?
Which mineral is considered non-toxic from food sources but excessive intake can hinder effects of anti-coagulant drugs?
What is the primary function of vitamin K in blood clotting?
What is the primary function of vitamin K in blood clotting?
Where is vitamin K stored mostly within the body?
Where is vitamin K stored mostly within the body?
What can low levels of gut bacteria lead to regarding vitamin K synthesis?
What can low levels of gut bacteria lead to regarding vitamin K synthesis?
Study Notes
Nutrition Concepts & Controversies: Minerals for Bone Health
- Calcium supplements are recommended for individuals with insufficient dietary intake, with 1000-1300 mg/day for adults, and can be found in milk, fortified beverages, and certain vegetables and fish
- Phosphorus is plentiful in the diet and does not require supplementation
- Vitamin D supplements are advised for adults over 50, with a daily intake of 400 IU (10 μg) and can be obtained from various forms and food sources such as fish, liver, and fortified products
- Vitamin D is fat-soluble, with absorption of 50-80% and can lead to soft tissue damage if taken in high doses for prolonged periods
- Food sources of phosphorus include animal proteins, milk products, legumes, and nuts, with an average Canadian intake of 1200-1500 mg/day for women and men
- Magnesium, constituting about 25g in the body, is essential for bone and teeth health, blood and tissue function, and plays a role in hypertension prevention
- Magnesium is found in green plant foods and is involved in over 300 enzyme systems, and deficiency symptoms include irregular heartbeat, weakness, and hypertension
- The body contains about 25g of magnesium, with bones containing 60% and muscles 20%, and it is excreted through the kidneys
- Magnesium deficiency develops slowly and can lead to symptoms such as irregular heartbeat, weakness, and hypertension
- The recommended daily allowance for adults is 15-20 μg/day (600-800 IU) of vitamin D, with average Canadian intake around 5-6 μg/day for women and men
- Phosphorus intake is recommended at 700 mg/day for adults, with usual intakes around 1200-1500 mg/day for men and women
- Calcium intake for adults is around 800 mg/day for women and 930 mg/day for men in Canada, and it is essential for bone health and can be found in various food sources and supplements
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Description
Test your knowledge about the structural support and functional characteristics of bones, including their role in supporting muscles and organs, as well as their composition and bone marrow function.
