FOUNDATION B part 1

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Which of the following best describes Blastomeres ?

Pluripotent
Multipotent
Totipotent (correct)
Unipotent

Which of the following best describes Gram (-) bacteria ?

Thick peptidoglycan layer with no extra phospholipid bilayer
Thin peptidoglycan layer with no extra phospholipid bilayer
Thin peptidoglycan layer with extra phospholipid bilayer (correct)
Thick peptidoglycan layer with extra phospholipid bilayer

Which of the following describes the action of Treg ?

Manages allergic reactions
Involved in inflammatory responses (correct)
Acts as a Fc receptor
Stimulates Cyclin D

Which of the following describes spermiogenesis?

The conversion of spermatids into spermatozoa. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the second event during fertilisation?

Penetration of Corona Radiata. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is correct regarding Fraternal twins?

They are non-identical. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is incorrect regarding blastocyst formation?

All of the above. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of trophoblast cells during early embryonic development?

To provide a supportive and invasive role for implantation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the syncytiotrophoblasts during implantation?

To produce proteolytic enzymes that erode maternal tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process by which the embryo frees itself from the zona pellucida?

Hatching (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the repeated mitotic divisions of the zygote, resulting in an increase in the number of cells called blastomeres?

Cleavage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs after the third cleavage division of the zygote?

Compaction (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the organisation of the blastomeres in the blastocyst?

They form the trophoblast and the inner cell mass (embryoblast) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the decidual reaction during early embryonic development?

To increase the secretory function of the endometrium and prepare it for pregnancy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypoblast during early embryonic development?

To surround the yolk sac and form the primary umbilical vesicle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of the formation of the bi-laminar embryonic disc during early embryonic development?

It establishes the dorsal-ventral axis of the future embryo (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the formation of the primitive streak occur?

Caudal end of the embryo (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of cells migrating at the central and most cranial part of the node during gastrulation?

They form the notochord (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process leads to the formation of the three primary germ layers during gastrulation?

Epithelial cells from the epiblast undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migrate, and differentiate into endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the notochord is formed during embryonic development?

Progenitor mesoderm cells from the primitive node and pit migrate to form a median cellular cord called the notochordal process, which acquires a lumen called the notochordal canal. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct arrangement of mesoderm?

Notochord, paraxial, intermediate, lateral plate, extraembryonic. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fusion of the two most lateral apical surfaces of the neural folds?

Autonomous neural tube (C) Signup and view all the answers

At what point does the fusion of the neural folds begin during embryonic development?

Middle of the embryo (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms when masses of cells detach from the lateral side of the neural plate?

Neural crest (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the dermatome during embryonic development?

To generate the dorsal skin of the back (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of somites during embryonic development?

To determine the migration pattern of neural crest cells and spinal nerve axons (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of somite development?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sclerotome region of the somite?

To form the cartilage cells (chondrocytes) of the vertebrae and ribs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the precursor populations of cells that form the somites?

Somitomeres (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions of the mesoderm gives rise to the cartilage cells (chondrocytes) of the vertebrae and ribs?

Paraxial mesoderm (A) Signup and view all the answers