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Questions and Answers
What is a frequency distribution?
What is a frequency distribution?
What does a frequency table display?
What does a frequency table display?
Each data class along with the frequency of data in that class.
How is class width computed?
How is class width computed?
Largest data value - smallest data value divided by the desired number of classes.
The lower class limit is the lowest data value that can fit in a class, while the upper class limit is the _______.
The lower class limit is the lowest data value that can fit in a class, while the upper class limit is the _______.
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What is class frequency?
What is class frequency?
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How is the class midpoint found?
How is the class midpoint found?
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What are class boundaries?
What are class boundaries?
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How do you find relative frequency?
How do you find relative frequency?
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Symmetry describes the shape of a data distribution.
Symmetry describes the shape of a data distribution.
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What does a uniform or rectangular histogram imply?
What does a uniform or rectangular histogram imply?
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What does it mean when a distribution is skewed left?
What does it mean when a distribution is skewed left?
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What characterizes a bimodal distribution?
What characterizes a bimodal distribution?
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What are outliers in a data set?
What are outliers in a data set?
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What does cumulative frequency tell us?
What does cumulative frequency tell us?
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What is an ogive graph?
What is an ogive graph?
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How is a dotplot structured?
How is a dotplot structured?
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Study Notes
Frequency Distribution
- Partitions data into classes or intervals, showing the count of data values in each.
- Ensures that each data value fits into exactly one class.
Frequency Table
- Displays each data class with the corresponding frequency (count) of data values.
- May include additional information like the midpoint of each class.
Class Width
- Calculated as: (Largest data value - Smallest data value) / Desired number of classes.
- Rounded up to the next whole number to determine the width between consecutive class limits.
Class Limits
- Lower class limit: the smallest value in a class.
- Upper class limit: the largest value in a class.
Class Frequency
- Represents the number of data values (tally marks) associated with a given class.
Class Midpoint
- Serves as a representative value for the entire class.
- Calculated by averaging the lower and upper class limits.
Class Boundaries
- Defined by the spaces between the upper limit of one class and the lower limit of the next.
- Upper class boundary = Upper class limit + 0.5; Lower class boundary = Lower class limit - 0.5.
Relative Frequency
- Reflects the proportion of total data values falling into a specific class.
- Computed as: Relative Frequency = f / n (where f is the class frequency and n is the total number of observations).
Symmetry
- Describes the shape of a data distribution, indicating balance around a central point.
Uniform or Rectangular Distribution
- All classes in the histogram have the same frequency.
- Symmetrical shape with bars of equal height.
Skewed Distribution
- Skewed Right: More observations on the left, fewer on the right (toward higher values).
- Skewed Left: More observations on the right, fewer on the left (toward lower values).
Bimodal Distribution
- Histogram displays two classes with the highest frequencies, separated by at least one class.
- May indicate sample from two distinct populations.
Outliers
- Data values significantly different from others in the set.
- Can indicate data entry errors or unusual observations requiring special attention.
Cumulative Frequency
- Counts how many data values are below an upper class boundary.
- Cumulative frequency for a class is the total of its frequency and all previous classes.
Ogive Graphs
- A graphical representation of cumulative frequencies.
- Created using class boundaries and cumulative frequencies, connecting points with line segments.
Dotplot
- Displays individual data values along a horizontal axis, marked by dots at their corresponding values.
- Each dot represents a single occurrence of a data value.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
This quiz features flashcards focusing on key terms from Chapter Two of Basic Statistics. You will learn definitions and concepts such as frequency distribution and frequency table. Test your understanding and retention of these essential statistical terms.
