Understanding Affirmation and Opinions

Affirmation and Negation

• Affirmation confirms or states that a task will be carried out.
• Affirmation uses words like clearly, absolutely, definitely, certainly, and obviously.
• Negation indicates that something will not be carried out.
• Negation uses words like almost, rarely, haven’t, didn’t, never, and isn’t.

Statement of Opinion, Claims of Fact, Policy, and Value

• Opinion is a person's belief or take on a certain issue.
• A plausible opinion is supported by strong evidence and facts.
• A claim is the central argument of a text.
• A claim of fact is believed to be true based on known or accepted facts.
• A claim of value judges the acceptability and desirability of a state or condition.
• A claim of policy proposes a resolution or action to address an issue.

Writing an Exposition on an Issue

• Exposition text compels the audience to be receptive to the issue and the writer's point of view.
• It explains a concept, fact, or insight.
• It relies on accumulated research.
• It aims to make the audience open to the message.
• A statement of position introduces the topic with background information.
• The argument presents the writer's stand regarding the issue.

Argumentative Essay

• An argumentative essay presents a stand on a particular issue.
• It includes an introductory paragraph outlining the topic, a thesis statement summarizing the main point, body paragraphs supporting the thesis, and a conclusion summarizing the arguments.

Migration

• Migration is the movement of an individual to a different location, either permanently or temporarily.
• Internal migration is within a country, such as rural to urban movement.
• External migration is moving outside of a country.
• Migrants have a choice to move.
• Refugees are forced to migrate due to circumstances such as war.

Territorial Issues

• A country has four elements: citizens, sovereignty, government, and territory.
• The Philippines' national territory is defined in Article 1 of the 1987 Constitution.
• The UNCLOS (1994) established the Exclusive Economic Zone, solidifying Philippine rights in the West Philippine Sea.
• The Permanent Court of Arbitration ruled that the West Philippine Sea is solely for the Philippines.
• China's 10-dash line claim creates tension with the Philippines.

Political Dynasty in the Philippines

• A political dynasty is a family that controls a particular area and has passed on political roles.
• Anti-Political Dynasty Law (2013) aims to address political dynasty issues.

Graft and Corruption

• Graft is the illegal or unethical acquisition of money or position.
• Corruption is the abuse of power by corrupt officials.
• Tax evasion is a form of corruption.
• Ghost projects and payrolls involve fake projects and employees.
• Evasion of public bidding manipulates the bidding process.
• Nepotism and favoritism involve biased favoritism towards family or close associates.
• Extortion is using force to demand money.
• Protection money is paid to officials to avoid consequences.
• Bribery involves offering or receiving something of value to influence actions.
• Embezzlement is misusing government funds.
• Fraud is deception to gain financial or other benefits.

This quiz explores the concepts of affirmation, negation, and different types of claims. You'll learn how to distinguish between opinions, claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. Test your understanding of exposition writing and its purpose in conveying issues and perspectives.