Understanding Addiction

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of drug addiction?

Compulsive drug use despite negative consequences (correct)

Complete control over substance intake

Infrequent use of substances

Initial decision-making unaffected by drugs

Which atypical antipsychotic is noted for having a weak D2 antagonism and a high affinity for 5-HT2A?

Risperidone

Olanzapine

Clozapine (correct)

Aripiprazole

How does addiction affect behavioral control?

Impair behavioral control processes (correct)

Enhances decision-making skills

Strengthens impulse resistance

Promotes healthy coping mechanisms

What is the mesolimbic dopamine system primarily associated with?

Reward and addiction Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about addictive drugs is accurate?

They uniquely increase dopamine in the mesolimbic system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of muscle cell disintegration in rhabdomyolysis?

Release of myoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of rhabdomyolysis?

Elevated heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for developing rhabdomyolysis?

Poor hydration Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for rhabdomyolysis?

IV fluids Signup and view all the answers

What can high levels of myoglobin in the blood lead to?

Kidney failure Signup and view all the answers

Which population is most likely to experience rhabdomyolysis?

Older adults Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is commonly associated with rhabdomyolysis as an adverse drug reaction?

Statins Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence rate of rhabdomyolysis per year?

Approximately 26,000 cases Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy?

Diabetic Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of peripheral neuropathy typically involves muscle weakness or atrophy?

Predominantly motor Signup and view all the answers

What factor is NOT mentioned as a risk for Parkinson's Disease?

High cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the motor signs of Parkinson's Disease?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of nigral dopamine levels needs to be lost for symptomatic Parkinson's Disease to occur?

70-80% Signup and view all the answers

The basal ganglia primarily modulate which aspect of movement?

Voluntary movement initiation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following infections is associated with peripheral neuropathy?

Varicella-zoster Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is typically NOT associated with lateral motor neuron issues in Parkinson's Disease?

Excess sweating Signup and view all the answers

What role does troponin play in muscle contraction?

It causes tropomyosin to change shape. Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

The spread of an action potential down transverse tubules. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the bending of the cross bridge during muscle contraction?

Release of ADP and Pi from myosin. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about energy in the cross bridge cycle is true?

ATP must be split by myosin ATPase to energize the cross bridge. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to thin filaments during muscle contraction?

They are pulled toward the center of the sarcomere. Signup and view all the answers

Why does contractile activity outlast electrical activity in muscles?

The duration of calcium release exceeds the action potential. Signup and view all the answers

What is rigor mortis caused by?

Lack of ATP resulting in cross bridge attachment. Signup and view all the answers

What does ATP provide during the cross bridge cycle?

Energy for the power stroke. Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Acetylcholine-gated channels at the neuromuscular junction Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Ca2+ when action potentials cease?

It is absorbed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What role does Ca2+ play in muscle contraction?

It binds to troponin, causing tropomyosin to shift Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after Ca2+ binds to troponin?

Thin filaments slide back to their relaxed positions Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are involved in regulating the binding sites for myosin on actin?

Actin and tropomyosin Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of tropomyosin moving back to its original position?

Contraction of the muscle fiber stops Signup and view all the answers

After action potentials stop, the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is to:

Pump Ca2+ back from the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

How does the binding of Ca2+ to troponin affect muscle contraction?

It prevents tropomyosin from blocking the binding sites Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Addiction

Addiction is a chronic and relapsing disorder categorized by compulsive drug use, regardless of the negative impact.
The initiation of drug use is a conscious choice, but repetitive drug use alters the brain, impairing control and increasing cravings.
Addiction affects all demographics, but certain populations are more likely to experience it.

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Description

This quiz explores the complexities of addiction, a chronic disorder characterized by compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. It delves into the biology of addiction, choice versus impairment, and demographic factors influencing its prevalence. Test your knowledge of this important topic.