Podcast
Questions and Answers
Citing a reference is unnecessary if the work is mostly a summary.
Citing a reference is unnecessary if the work is mostly a summary.
False
Academic writing should include a significant amount of citations, often up to 75%.
Academic writing should include a significant amount of citations, often up to 75%.
True
Paraphrasing effectively means copying someone else's work without citation.
Paraphrasing effectively means copying someone else's work without citation.
False
Signal words are unnecessary in academic writing since they do not enhance clarity.
Signal words are unnecessary in academic writing since they do not enhance clarity.
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The main purpose of academic writing is to demonstrate one's original analysis and insights.
The main purpose of academic writing is to demonstrate one's original analysis and insights.
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If children are not challenged about honesty, they can become adept at deception.
If children are not challenged about honesty, they can become adept at deception.
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According to Halliday (2007), individuals learn to lie early when there is no advantage in lying.
According to Halliday (2007), individuals learn to lie early when there is no advantage in lying.
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The role of parenting is insignificant in teaching children about honesty.
The role of parenting is insignificant in teaching children about honesty.
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Halliday (2007) suggests that using active citations is the preferred way of referencing ideas.
Halliday (2007) suggests that using active citations is the preferred way of referencing ideas.
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Signal words are used to indicate that points belong to different authors.
Signal words are used to indicate that points belong to different authors.
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The use of signal words can complicate the clarity of author attribution.
The use of signal words can complicate the clarity of author attribution.
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Halliday (2007) recommends that multiple ideas from the same author should be cited separately.
Halliday (2007) recommends that multiple ideas from the same author should be cited separately.
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It is important to show both advantages and disadvantages in academic writing.
It is important to show both advantages and disadvantages in academic writing.
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Accidental plagiarism is often a result of poor academic practice and bad referencing.
Accidental plagiarism is often a result of poor academic practice and bad referencing.
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All instances of plagiarism are intentional.
All instances of plagiarism are intentional.
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The philosophy of referencing is considered unrelated to plagiarism.
The philosophy of referencing is considered unrelated to plagiarism.
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Taking notes in your own words can help prevent plagiarism.
Taking notes in your own words can help prevent plagiarism.
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Citing references is only necessary for intentional plagiarism.
Citing references is only necessary for intentional plagiarism.
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Working on assignments at the last minute can increase the likelihood of plagiarism.
Working on assignments at the last minute can increase the likelihood of plagiarism.
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Intentional plagiarism is less serious than unintentional plagiarism.
Intentional plagiarism is less serious than unintentional plagiarism.
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Referencing ideas in academic writing is not crucial across all disciplines.
Referencing ideas in academic writing is not crucial across all disciplines.
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Common knowledge should be widely known, easily verified, and uncontroversial.
Common knowledge should be widely known, easily verified, and uncontroversial.
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Quoting is less common in academic writing than paraphrasing.
Quoting is less common in academic writing than paraphrasing.
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You are required to cite a reference only when using data and evidence.
You are required to cite a reference only when using data and evidence.
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In-text citations should always be placed at the end of a paragraph for clarity.
In-text citations should always be placed at the end of a paragraph for clarity.
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You should always find a reference if you are unsure about whether something is common knowledge.
You should always find a reference if you are unsure about whether something is common knowledge.
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The foundation of academic writing is centered around creativity and originality.
The foundation of academic writing is centered around creativity and originality.
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Summarising is the act of capturing key ideas from a source and is often used in critical writing.
Summarising is the act of capturing key ideas from a source and is often used in critical writing.
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Active in-text citations are placed in or around segments of paraphrased materials.
Active in-text citations are placed in or around segments of paraphrased materials.
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Using direct quotes is necessary to avoid plagiarism.
Using direct quotes is necessary to avoid plagiarism.
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In-text references are required when you rewrite ideas in your own words.
In-text references are required when you rewrite ideas in your own words.
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To paraphrase, you should use the exact same sentence structure as the original text.
To paraphrase, you should use the exact same sentence structure as the original text.
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Common knowledge requires in-text referencing.
Common knowledge requires in-text referencing.
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Citing sources is essential in academic writing to support your claims.
Citing sources is essential in academic writing to support your claims.
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You should only paraphrase when you want to add your own opinions to a source.
You should only paraphrase when you want to add your own opinions to a source.
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Plagiarism is defined as using ideas from other sources without acknowledgment.
Plagiarism is defined as using ideas from other sources without acknowledgment.
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Using similar words when paraphrasing is an effective method to avoid plagiarism.
Using similar words when paraphrasing is an effective method to avoid plagiarism.
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Study Notes
Week 9: Referencing Correctly and Avoiding Plagiarism
- The topic of the week is referencing correctly and avoiding plagiarism.
- Academic writing relies heavily on the ideas of others.
- A substantial portion of a literature review (around 75%) often involves cited sources.
- The key element is the analysis and interpretation of those ideas.
- Students’ analysis and original contribution is paramount.
- The goal of academic writing is to demonstrate one's intellectual process through referencing.
- Referencing helps trace the origin of ideas.
- Plagiarism is the borrowing of other people's ideas without proper acknowledgment.
- Intentional or unintentional plagiarism is problematic in academic work.
- Ignorance of referencing principles isn't a valid defense against accusations of plagiarism.
- Poor academic habits such as last-minute assignment work significantly increase the risk of accidental plagiarism.
- To avoid plagiarism:
- Understand the philosophy of referencing.
- Properly cite all sources used.
- Present ideas in one’s own words.
Questions for Week 9
- Why is citing a reference necessary?
- Define and provide 5 examples of "signal words."
- What are different citation styles, elements of referencing, and common reference styles specifically for engineering majors?
- What's the difference between quoting and paraphrasing?
- Describe the steps involved in effective paraphrasing.
- Identify common mistakes made in paraphrasing.
Academic Writing
- Academic writing builds upon the ideas from other scholars.
- A significant percentage of a literature review might consist of cited sources.
- The analysis and interpretation of existing ideas are crucial aspects of academic research.
- Students' analyses and original contributions are imperative.
- Academic writing involves demonstrating how one arrives at their interpretations.
- Proper evidence, in the form of references, strengthens academic arguments.
Using the Work of Others
- Develop informed opinions by building on the ideas of others.
- Transform others' work into one's own unique thinking and insights, rather than creating a summary.
- Summaries provide no original insights.
- The purpose of academic work is not simply to summarize existing material.
Referencing and Plagiarism
- Referencing involves demonstrating the origin of an idea and its integration into one's writing.
- Plagiarism involves borrowing other people's ideas and work without proper acknowledgment.
- Plagiarism also includes using someone else's work without giving them credit.
Overview
- Understanding plagiarism and how to avoid it.
- Mastering the philosophy of referencing.
- Proper citation and referencing techniques.
- Understanding paraphrasing and its elements.
Plagiarism
- Definitions of plagiarism: cheating, academic dishonesty, misconduct, intellectual property theft.
- Most plagiarism is accidental due to poor referencing styles and techniques.
Avoiding Plagiarism
- Most plagiarism arises from carelessness or laziness, such as working on assignments at the last minute.
- Copying and pasting from sources should be avoided.
- Notes should be taken in one's own words.
Referencing Terminology
- Citation: A short reference to a source within a text. Ex: (Socransky et al. 1994).
- Reference: A complete source listing. Ex: Socransky, S. S., Smith, C., Martin, L., Paster, B. J., Dewhirst, F. E. & Levin, Α.Ε. (1994) "Checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization. Biotechniques 17, 788–792.
- Bibliography: A list of works that were consulted but not necessarily cited within a text.
Referencing
- The foundation of academic writing involves referencing.
- Reframing how one thinks about referencing (focusing on crediting ideas).
- The purpose of referencing is to help plan and structure assignments.
- Prioritizing ideas before writing and taking notes on those ideas.
When Do We Cite a Reference?
- Cite when an idea isn't your own.
- Cite sources for data, arguments, logic, and opinions.
- Cite sources when a reader might ask "How do you know this?" .
- Cite when unsure, to confirm information.
- Common knowledge generally doesn't require citations.
What is Common Knowledge?
- Ask if you knew the idea before research.
- Ask if your peers would recognize the idea.
- Common knowledge is widely known, verifiable, and uncontroversial.
Citing
- In-text citations typically appear within or around a paraphrased segment. The placement can be active (in a sentence) or passive (at the end).
- Correctly referencing is essential to avoid plagiarism and effectively present academic work to peers and professionals.
Types of Citations & References
- In-text citations: Active and passive formats.
- Work of referencing: Information drawn from sources; includes quotation, summarization, and paraphrasing.
- Elements of referencing: Author, date, title, source.
- Common styles: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, and Vancouver among many.
Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing
- Quoting: Using the exact words of a source.
- Paraphrasing: Restating the source’s content in different words; often used to synthesize several sources into an original idea.
- Summarizing: Condensing a source's key ideas. This is less common in critical writing.
When to Quote
- Use quotations when the source's exact words are crucial. This is often the case with policies, laws, or statements that hold specific meaning by themselves.
- Quotations are necessary for verbatim transcripts, or when needing an exact phrasing from specific documentation, reports, or policy documents.
- Quotations are also used for tables and figures that one wants to include verbatim.
How to Paraphrase
- Choose source material.
- Identify core ideas.
- Annotate the text with your insights.
- Outline your main ideas.
- Reread the original source to ensure accuracy.
- Evaluate changes and address concerns about plagiarism in your writing.
When are In-text References Required?
- Always provide in-text citations for direct quotes from any source.
- Citation is required when restating ideas in one's own words from a source.
- Citations are necessary in general overviews based on various articles or sources, including summaries of several articles.
- Citations are required when utilizing statistic data from research to support your argument
- Sources need not be cited for common knowledge.
- Citations are required when using an idea to explain the context of an assignment or give background to a question.
Conclusion
- Avoiding plagiarism centers on understanding referencing.
- Referencing is necessary for effective academic communication.
- Students should think in terms of ideas.
- Learn to reference and cite sources accurately via active or passive formats.
- Practice paraphrasing and summarizing.
- Plan one’s ideas and writing before constructing paragraphs.
Nộp Notebook
- Students are required to submit their notebooks according to specified guidelines (a link, filename format, and a specific due date). Failure to submit accurately will result in either a deduction or no credit for the work.
Further Instructions
- All questions should be answered when submitting your notebook.
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Description
This quiz explores the principles of academic writing, focusing on citations, paraphrasing, and the roles of honesty and parenting in developing integrity. It also discusses the use of signal words and active citations as recommended by Halliday (2007). Test your knowledge of these essential writing concepts and ethical considerations.
