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Questions and Answers
What is the normal range of pCO2?
What is the normal range of pCO2?
What does an increased pCO2 indicate?
What does an increased pCO2 indicate?
What is the normal pH range?
What is the normal pH range?
What does a decreased HCO3- indicate?
What does a decreased HCO3- indicate?
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What is the normal range of pO2?
What is the normal range of pO2?
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What type of acid-base disorder is characterized by a combination of respiratory and metabolic disorders?
What type of acid-base disorder is characterized by a combination of respiratory and metabolic disorders?
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Study Notes
Understanding ABG Results
pH Scale
- pH 7.40 is normal (slightly alkalotic)
- pH < 7.40 is acidotic
- pH > 7.40 is alkalotic
pCO2 (Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide)
- Normal range: 35-45 mmHg
- Increased pCO2 indicates respiratory acidosis
- Decreased pCO2 indicates respiratory alkalosis
HCO3- (Bicarbonate)
- Normal range: 22-29 mmol/L
- Increased HCO3- indicates metabolic alkalosis
- Decreased HCO3- indicates metabolic acidosis
pO2 (Partial Pressure of Oxygen)
- Normal range: 75-100 mmHg
- Indicates oxygenation of blood
Interpreting ABG Results
Respiratory Acidosis
- Elevated pCO2 (>45 mmHg)
- pH < 7.40
- Causes: respiratory failure, COPD, pneumonia
Respiratory Alkalosis
- Decreased pCO2 (<35 mmHg)
- pH > 7.40
- Causes: hyperventilation, anxiety, pneumonia
Metabolic Acidosis
- Decreased HCO3- (<22 mmol/L)
- pH < 7.40
- Causes: diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, renal failure
Metabolic Alkalosis
- Elevated HCO3- (>29 mmol/L)
- pH > 7.40
- Causes: vomiting, diuretic use, hypokalemia
Mixed Acid-Base Disorders
- Combination of respiratory and metabolic disorders
- Requires careful analysis of ABG results and clinical context
Understanding ABG Results
pH Scale
- pH 7.40 is the normal, slightly alkalotic level
- Acidotic conditions have a pH below 7.40
- Alkalotic conditions have a pH above 7.40
pCO2 (Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide)
- The normal range is 35-45 mmHg
- Increased pCO2 (>45 mmHg) indicates respiratory acidosis
- Decreased pCO2 (<35 mmHg) indicates respiratory alkalosis
HCO3- (Bicarbonate)
- The normal range is 22-29 mmol/L
- Increased HCO3- (>29 mmol/L) indicates metabolic alkalosis
- Decreased HCO3- (<22 mmol/L) indicates metabolic acidosis
pO2 (Partial Pressure of Oxygen)
- The normal range is 75-100 mmHg
- pO2 indicates the level of oxygenation in the blood
Interpreting ABG Results
Respiratory Acidosis
- Characterized by elevated pCO2 (>45 mmHg) and low pH (<7.40)
- Causes include respiratory failure, COPD, and pneumonia
Respiratory Alkalosis
- Characterized by decreased pCO2 (<35 mmHg) and high pH (>7.40)
- Causes include hyperventilation, anxiety, and pneumonia
Metabolic Acidosis
- Characterized by decreased HCO3- (<22 mmol/L) and low pH (<7.40)
- Causes include vomiting, diuretic use, and hypokalemia
Mixed Acid-Base Disorders
- A combination of respiratory and metabolic disorders
- Requires careful analysis of ABG results and clinical context to diagnose
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Description
Quiz on interpreting Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) results, including pH, pCO2, HCO3-, and pO2 levels. Learn to identify acidotic and alkalotic conditions.
