Undefined Quiz Topic

eudaimonia

utility

consequence

<p>will</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pleasures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pig</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>intellectual</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>war</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>legislator</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sum-Ranking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>universally</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>utility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>choose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>problematic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>monopolies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>valuable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>injustice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>eudaimonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>intellectual</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vulnerable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>profits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>eudaimonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>collective</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>stakeholder</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>categorical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>consistently</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>liberties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>grace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fairness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human flourishing, achieved through virtuous living, fulfilling one's potential.

Maximizing overall pleasure and minimizing pain, prioritizing collective well-being.

The ability to choose and act according to one's will, towards the good, but impaired by original sin and needing God's grace.

The ability to control actions independently, choosing and executing a course of action.

A quantitative approach to utilitarianism, prioritizing maximizing overall happiness.

A revised utilitarianism that distinguishes higher (intellectual, moral) and lower (physical) pleasures, prioritizing higher ones.

Intellectual, moral, and emotional experiences that engage human faculties (e.g., critical thinking, reason).

Physical pleasures.

A state of war, where life is 'nasty, brutish, and short', and there's no authority to resolve disputes, leading to constant conflict.

A state of relative peace and equality where individuals have natural rights (life, liberty, and property) and reason to recognize each other's rights.

Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.

Treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end.

Every rational being is a legislator in a kingdom of ends.

Logistics/engineering and ethics; the first focuses on efficiency, and the second on values and social justice.

Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both (a) reasonably expected to be to everyone's advantage, and (b) attached to positions and offices open to all.

Ethical theory that emphasizes maximizing overall happiness and well-being.

Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing overall happiness and well-being, considering the consequences of actions and treating all individuals' well-being equally.

Welfarism is the focus on promoting happiness and welfare by measuring actions based on the balance of pleasure and pain.

The morality of an action is judged by its outcomes; actions are right if they produce the greatest overall happiness or minimize suffering.

All individuals' happiness or suffering are equally important when calculating the total utility of an action, without bias or favoritism.

A conditional command based on personal desires or goals. An action is necessary only if a certain goal is desired.

An unconditional moral duty that applies universally, regardless of individual preferences.

Sen argued that Rawls's focus on the distribution of resources (like income) is incomplete and should also consider people's ability to achieve their goals and choose their lives (capabilities).

Certain markets worsen existing inequalities. For instance, private education is an example where access depends on wealth.

Market structures (like monopolies, oligopolies) reduce competition, allowing price-fixing and other unethical practices.

Artificially controlling supply to raise prices, harming consumers and distorting the market.

Focuses on corporations as moral entities, examining their systems, structures, and social responsibility.

Focuses on individual ethical behavior and responsibility within a company.

Justice is a social construct, chosen to avoid punishment for injustice, not because of its intrinsic value.

Justice is inherently valuable and essential for a fulfilling soul; it's about inner harmony.

Both Plato and Aristotle believed virtue is crucial for the ultimate good, leading to happiness or eudaimonia.

Virtue is essential for a successful and ethical life, achieved through the cultivation of habits, reason and moral excellence.

Aquinas sees free will as a rational appetite for what's good, emphasizing reason in decision-making, and believing that choosing something bad diminishes freedom.

Kant defines a moral action as one taken out of a sense of duty, guided by the categorical imperative, not personal desires.

Kant's imperative outlines universal ethical principles that apply to everyone, guiding moral action. It has three main formulations: Universal Morality of Law, Respect for Persons, and Principle of Autonomy.

One formulation of the categorical imperative stating that actions should be based on maxims that could be universally applied without contradiction.

Another formulation of the categorical imperative stating that people should never be treated as mere means to an end but with respect and dignity.

A principle of the categorical imperative stating that everyone should be a moral legislator, aligning their will with universal laws.

John Rawls offers an alternative to utilitarianism, viewing justice as fairness. His two principles are the Principle of Equal Basic Liberties and the Difference Principle.

Corporations, being artificial entities, lack moral responsibility. Individuals within the corporation (executives, employees) are responsible for their actions, not the corporation itself.

A corporation's primary responsibility is to maximize profits for its shareholders, provided it adheres to legal and ethical norms.

Corporations have ethical obligations to consider the interests of all stakeholders, including employees, customers, communities, and shareholders.

Moral behavior requires practical wisdom to apply reason and context to actions.

Virtue means adhering to the moral law, derived from reason and universalizable principles.

Always act in accordance with principles that could be universal laws, treating all people as ends in themselves.

Inequalities are acceptable if they benefit the most vulnerable members of society and positions open to all are accessible under fair equal opportunity.