Uncover the World of Post-Translational Modifications
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a classification of lipids mentioned in the text?

  • Phospholipids
  • Sphingolipids
  • Lipoproteins (correct)
  • Sterols

    • Which of the following amino acids is NOT considered essential?

  • Phenylalanine
  • Glycine (correct)
  • Valine
  • Methionine

    • Which level of protein structure is responsible for the compact folding of a protein, with hydrophobic amino acids on the inside and hydrophilic amino acids on the outside?

  • Quaternary structure
  • Primary structure
  • Tertiary structure (correct)
  • Secondary structure

    • Which of the following is NOT a function of native conformation of a protein?

    <p>Denaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a level of protein structure?

    <p>Quaternary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about post-translational modification of a protein?

    <p>It can affect protein function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of polysaccharides?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a classification of lipids mentioned in the text?

    <p>Lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct chain length and number of double bonds for arachidonic acid?

    <p>20:4 (5,8,11,14)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of prostaglandins?

    <p>Visual and neurologic abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major component of cell membranes?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a post-translational modification (PTM) that results in a change in protein function?

    <p>Phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of monosaccharides?

    <p>They have an empirical formula of (CH2O)n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

    <p>Lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major source of energy in the body?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of stem cells?

    <p>Adult stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type called?

    <p>Cell differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a fundamental aspect of developmental biology?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cells requires the destruction of an embryo?

    <p>Embryonic stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four transcription factors involved in genetic reprogramming of stem cells?

    <p>Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cells can be genetically matched to the patient?

    <p>Induced pluripotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of cloning mentioned in the text?

    <p>Live birth cloning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory technique used to create a cloned embryo with a donor nucleus called?

    <p>Somatic-Cell Transfer (SCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cells have the potential to develop into a human embryo?

    <p>Induced pluripotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of therapeutic cloning?

    <p>To derive embryonic cell lines with the same genome as the nuclear donor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cell is capable of making all types of specialized cells in the body?

    <p>Embryonic stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are tissue stem cells found?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cell is created through genetic reprogramming of adult cells?

    <p>Induced pluripotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potency of tissue stem cells?

    <p>Multipotent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct definition of anaemia?

    <p>A condition where the number of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient to meet physiological needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the WHO criteria for anaemia?

    <p>Haemoglobin &lt; 12g/dL in non-pregnant women and &lt; 13g/dL in men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of anaemia mentioned in the text?

    <p>Haemolytic anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic mutation results in the introduction of a stop codon?

    <p>Nonsense/stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of cancer cells that allows for rapid evolution?

    <p>Genomic instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic variation in malignant cells can lead to large scale deletions and amplifications?

    <p>Chromosomal rearrangements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct statement about human genetic variation?

    <p>Human genomes have small-scale genetic variations like SNPs and microsatellites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evolutionary purpose of sexual reproduction in humans?

    <p>To introduce genetic differences into the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of DNA bases are different between any two aligned human genomes?

    <p>0.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of large-scale pathogenic variation?

    <p>Copy number variants (CNVs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of small-scale pathogenic mutations?

    <p>Rearranging multiple genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of large-scale pathogenic variation that results in gross changes in gene expression?

    <p>Trisomy 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common type of small-scale pathogenic variation?

    <p>Insertions/deletions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a learning outcome of the course?

    <p>Describe the mechanisms by which Gproteins regulate the effector enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times do G-protein coupled receptors pass through the membrane?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subunit of the G-protein determines the activity status of the G-protein?

    <p>α subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a second messenger produced during signal transduction?

    <p>GTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins inhibits adenylyl cyclase, thus turning off signaling?

    <p>Gαi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is activated by cholera toxin and leads to elevated cAMP levels in the colonic epithelium?

    <p>Adenylyl cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following second messengers binds to the IP3 receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in calcium release?

    <p>IP3</p> Signup and view all the answers

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