Uncover the World of Post-Translational Modifications
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Uncover the World of Post-Translational Modifications

Test your knowledge on post-translational modifications (PTMs) with this quiz! Learn about the chemical modifications that occur on proteins after translation, leading to increased diversity in the proteome. Explore different types of PTMs such as phosphorylation and glycosylation, and understand how they can result in changes in protein function. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of this important aspect of protein regulation.

Created by
@ChivalrousShark

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a classification of lipids mentioned in the text?

Lipoproteins

Which of the following amino acids is NOT considered essential?

Glycine

Which level of protein structure is responsible for the compact folding of a protein, with hydrophobic amino acids on the inside and hydrophilic amino acids on the outside?

Tertiary structure

Which of the following is NOT a function of native conformation of a protein?

<p>Denaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a level of protein structure?

<p>Quaternary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about post-translational modification of a protein?

<p>It can affect protein function</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of polysaccharides?

<p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a classification of lipids mentioned in the text?

<p>Lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct chain length and number of double bonds for arachidonic acid?

<p>20:4 (5,8,11,14)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of prostaglandins?

<p>Visual and neurologic abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major component of cell membranes?

<p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a post-translational modification (PTM) that results in a change in protein function?

<p>Phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of monosaccharides?

<p>They have an empirical formula of (CH2O)n</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

<p>Lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major source of energy in the body?

<p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of stem cells?

<p>Adult stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type called?

<p>Cell differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental aspect of developmental biology?

<p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem cells requires the destruction of an embryo?

<p>Embryonic stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four transcription factors involved in genetic reprogramming of stem cells?

<p>Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem cells can be genetically matched to the patient?

<p>Induced pluripotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of cloning mentioned in the text?

<p>Live birth cloning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the laboratory technique used to create a cloned embryo with a donor nucleus called?

<p>Somatic-Cell Transfer (SCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem cells have the potential to develop into a human embryo?

<p>Induced pluripotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of therapeutic cloning?

<p>To derive embryonic cell lines with the same genome as the nuclear donor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem cell is capable of making all types of specialized cells in the body?

<p>Embryonic stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are tissue stem cells found?

<p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem cell is created through genetic reprogramming of adult cells?

<p>Induced pluripotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potency of tissue stem cells?

<p>Multipotent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct definition of anaemia?

<p>A condition where the number of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient to meet physiological needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the WHO criteria for anaemia?

<p>Haemoglobin &lt; 12g/dL in non-pregnant women and &lt; 13g/dL in men</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of anaemia mentioned in the text?

<p>Haemolytic anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genetic mutation results in the introduction of a stop codon?

<p>Nonsense/stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of cancer cells that allows for rapid evolution?

<p>Genomic instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genetic variation in malignant cells can lead to large scale deletions and amplifications?

<p>Chromosomal rearrangements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about human genetic variation?

<p>Human genomes have small-scale genetic variations like SNPs and microsatellites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the evolutionary purpose of sexual reproduction in humans?

<p>To introduce genetic differences into the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of DNA bases are different between any two aligned human genomes?

<p>0.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of large-scale pathogenic variation?

<p>Copy number variants (CNVs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of small-scale pathogenic mutations?

<p>Rearranging multiple genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of large-scale pathogenic variation that results in gross changes in gene expression?

<p>Trisomy 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common type of small-scale pathogenic variation?

<p>Insertions/deletions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a learning outcome of the course?

<p>Describe the mechanisms by which Gproteins regulate the effector enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times do G-protein coupled receptors pass through the membrane?

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subunit of the G-protein determines the activity status of the G-protein?

<p>α subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a second messenger produced during signal transduction?

<p>GTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins inhibits adenylyl cyclase, thus turning off signaling?

<p>Gαi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is activated by cholera toxin and leads to elevated cAMP levels in the colonic epithelium?

<p>Adenylyl cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following second messengers binds to the IP3 receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in calcium release?

<p>IP3</p> Signup and view all the answers

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