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Uncover the Mystery of Accessory Ribs

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common type of accessory rib?

Lumbar rib (correct)
Thoracic rib
Sacral rib
Cervical rib

What percentage of people have a cervical rib?

1% to 2%
0.5% to 1% (correct)
3% to 4%
2% to 3%

What is the typical location of attachment for a cervical rib?

The seventh cervical vertebra (correct)
The first thoracic vertebra
The second cervical vertebra
The fifth lumbar vertebra

What is the primary difference between membranous and endochondral bone formation?

Membranous bone formation occurs within preexisting membranous sheaths, while endochondral bone formation involves the transformation of mesenchymal models into cartilage bone models. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone development?

To reabsorb bone and create a spongy environment in the interstices of spongy bone. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the endogenous regulators of chondrogenesis and skeletal development?

Proteins encoded by the HOX genes, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP5 and BMP7), growth factor GDF5, members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, and other signaling molecules. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between membranous and endochondral bone formation?

Membranous bone formation occurs in mesenchyme within preexisting membranous sheaths, while endochondral bone formation transforms mesenchymal models of limb bones into cartilage bone models. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of βcatenin in skeletal development?

Determines the lineage commitment of skeletal precursor cells to chondrocytes and osteoblasts. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage?

Hyaline cartilage is the most widely distributed type and is found in joints, while fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs. (B) Signup and view all the answers