Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who is primarily responsible for verifying the functionality and usability of the application?
Who is primarily responsible for verifying the functionality and usability of the application?
At what point can software testing start during the development process?
At what point can software testing start during the development process?
Which role is responsible for defining the test strategy and test plan?
Which role is responsible for defining the test strategy and test plan?
What does software quality primarily align with in terms of verification?
What does software quality primarily align with in terms of verification?
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What is the main difference between validation and verification?
What is the main difference between validation and verification?
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Which of the following describes the activities included in manual software testing?
Which of the following describes the activities included in manual software testing?
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What is a common myth regarding when testing should be performed?
What is a common myth regarding when testing should be performed?
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Who conducts user acceptance testing (UAT)?
Who conducts user acceptance testing (UAT)?
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What is the primary goal of a walkthrough in manual static design techniques?
What is the primary goal of a walkthrough in manual static design techniques?
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Which of the following best describes an informal review?
Which of the following best describes an informal review?
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What defines the purpose of a management review?
What defines the purpose of a management review?
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Which testing technique requires knowledge of the system's internal architecture?
Which testing technique requires knowledge of the system's internal architecture?
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What is a key characteristic of experienced based testing?
What is a key characteristic of experienced based testing?
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Which statement accurately describes static analysis of code?
Which statement accurately describes static analysis of code?
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Which of the following languages is NOT supported by the Selenium testing framework?
Which of the following languages is NOT supported by the Selenium testing framework?
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What is the primary benefit of using Selenium for automated testing?
What is the primary benefit of using Selenium for automated testing?
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Who developed the initial Selenium program known as JavaScriptTestRunner?
Who developed the initial Selenium program known as JavaScriptTestRunner?
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What major feature distinguishes Selenium Grid from other Selenium tools?
What major feature distinguishes Selenium Grid from other Selenium tools?
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In what year did the Selenium team decide to merge WebDriver and Selenium RC to form Selenium 2?
In what year did the Selenium team decide to merge WebDriver and Selenium RC to form Selenium 2?
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What was the primary role of Paul Hammant in the development of Selenium?
What was the primary role of Paul Hammant in the development of Selenium?
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What was Selenium IDE initially designed to achieve?
What was Selenium IDE initially designed to achieve?
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Who is credited with creating the Selenium WebDriver?
Who is credited with creating the Selenium WebDriver?
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What was the original name given to Selenium Grid by Patrick Lightbody?
What was the original name given to Selenium Grid by Patrick Lightbody?
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What is unique about the way Selenium handles browser control compared to Selenium Core?
What is unique about the way Selenium handles browser control compared to Selenium Core?
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What does correctness in software quality measure?
What does correctness in software quality measure?
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Which attribute of software quality is concerned with software performance without failure?
Which attribute of software quality is concerned with software performance without failure?
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In static testing, what is primarily assessed?
In static testing, what is primarily assessed?
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What is the primary goal of the Software Testing Life Cycle?
What is the primary goal of the Software Testing Life Cycle?
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What does the dynamic testing process involve?
What does the dynamic testing process involve?
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Which attribute of software quality measures the effort needed for future updates?
Which attribute of software quality measures the effort needed for future updates?
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How is robustness in software defined?
How is robustness in software defined?
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What is the fundamental difference between validation and verification?
What is the fundamental difference between validation and verification?
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Study Notes
Why Testing is Required
- Testing is essential for ensuring software quality and meeting user expectations.
- Identifying and fixing defects early in the development process minimizes costs and delays.
- Quality software delivers expected functionality, reliability, and user experience.
Who Does the Testing?
- Developers: Responsible for unit testing individual components of the software.
- Testers: Perform functional, performance, and automation testing to ensure the application's quality.
- Test Managers/Lead/Architects: Define testing strategies and plans, ensuring effective testing procedures.
- End Users: Conduct user acceptance testing (UAT) to validate the software's usability in real-world scenarios.
When to Start Software Testing
- Testing can begin before a single line of code is written.
- It's beneficial to implement parallel testing with the development phase, such as in the V-Model approach.
When to Stop Testing
- Testing continues until predetermined criteria are met, like a specified bug rate or successful test cases.
- Assessing the risk tolerance level and prioritizing critical functionalities helps determine when to stop.
How is Software Testing Done?
- Manual Testing: Covers requirement verification, design analysis, test case creation, and manual test execution.
- Automation Testing: Utilizes tools to automate test cases, especially for UI, backend, and performance testing.
What is Quality Software?
- Quality software adheres to its requirements.
- Two key factors determine quality: Validation and Verification.
- Validation: Verifies that the software meets user needs and expectations.
- Verification: Ensures that the software development process follows defined standards and specifications.
Attributes of Software Quality
- Correctness: The software aligns with its specified requirements.
- Reliability: The software operates consistently without failures under expected conditions.
- Robustness: The software handles unexpected input without crashing.
- Usability: The software is easy and intuitive to use.
- Completeness: The software fulfills all its specified requirements.
- Maintainability: The software can be easily modified, updated, and repaired.
Seven Testing Principles
- Testing Shows the Presence of Defects: Testing can only identify the presence of defects, not their absence.
- Exhaustive Testing is Impossible: It's impractical to test all possible combinations of inputs and scenarios.
- Early Testing: Start testing as early as possible in the development lifecycle.
- Defect Clustering: A small portion of the software typically contains the majority of defects.
- Pesticide Paradox: Repeatedly running the same test cases becomes ineffective in detecting new defects.
- Testing is Context Dependent: The testing approach should be tailored to the specific project context.
- Absence of Errors is Not Enough: Software must meet user needs and expectations beyond being error-free.
Other Testing Principles
- Testing Should Be Done by an Independent Team: Avoid bias and ensure unbiased evaluation.
- Test for Functionality and Non-Functionality Aspects: Include performance, security, and usability tests.
- Use a Variety of Test Techniques: Employ both black-box and white-box testing methods for comprehensive coverage.
What is the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)?
- A structured process outlining the phases involved in software testing, ensuring efficient testing and defect identification.
Phases of STLC
- Requirement Analysis: Analyzing the software requirements to create test cases.
- Test Planning: Defining the scope, objectives, resources, and timelines for testing.
- Test Case Design: Creating detailed test cases covering all functionalities and scenarios.
- Test Environment Setup: Setting up the necessary hardware and software infrastructure for testing.
- Test Execution: Executing the prepared test cases and logging the outcomes.
- Test Reporting: Documenting the test results, defects found, and recommendations for improvement.
- Test Closure: Concluding the testing phase and documenting the final results.
Different Levels of Testing
- Unit Testing: Testing individual units or modules of code in isolation.
- Integration Testing: Testing how different units or modules interact with each other.
- System Testing: Testing the entire system as a whole, ensuring it meets the overall requirements.
Unit Testing
- Verifies that individual software components function as expected.
- Typically performed by developers.
- Uses techniques like white-box testing.
Integration Testing
- Checks the interactions between different components or modules.
- Ensures that components function seamlessly together.
- Aims to identify issues related to data flow and communication between modules.
System Testing
- Tests the entire system as a whole, simulating real-world scenarios.
- Verifies that the system meets the requirements and performs as expected.
- Includes functional, non-functional, and regression testing.
Test Design Techniques
- Standards for creating systematic and widely accepted test cases.
- Static Testing: Evaluating documents or artifacts without executing the software.
- Dynamic Testing: Running the system under test to verify its functionalities.
Static Test Design Techniques
- Walkthrough: An informal presentation of requirements or design documents for review.
- Informal Reviews: An informal assessment of documents without a strict process.
- Technical Reviews: Analyzing the technical approach and design of the software.
- Audit: Formal evaluation of compliance with standards and regulations.
- Inspection: A documented review of documents by experts or trained professionals.
- Management Review Assessment of management-related documents like project plans and risk assessments.
Static Design Techniques Using Tools
- Static Code Analysis: Using tools to analyze source code for potential errors and vulnerabilities
- Code Complexity Analysis: Identifying areas of code that are difficult to understand and maintain.
- Metrics Analysis: Measuring code quality attributes like cyclomatic complexity and code coverage.
- Design Review Tools: Analyzing design documents for potential issues and inconsistencies.
Dynamic Test Design Techniques
- Testing by running the system under test, providing input data, and evaluating its behavior.
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Specification Based (Black-Box Testing): Testing based on functional specifications without knowing the internal implementation.
- Equivalence Partitioning: Dividing input domains into equivalence classes, selecting representative values for testing.
- Boundary Value Analysis: Testing values at the boundaries of input domains or ranges.
- Decision Table Testing: Using decision tables to systematically test different combinations of inputs and expected outputs.
- State Transition Testing: Testing the transitions between different states of the system.
- Use Case Testing: Testing the system based on user scenarios and workflows.
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Structured Based (White-Box Testing): Testing based on knowledge of the internal structure and code.
- Control Flow Testing: Testing all possible paths through the code.
- Data Flow Testing: Testing the flow of data through the code, ensuring data is handled correctly.
- Branch Testing: Testing each branch of code, ensuring proper execution.
- Path Testing: Testing all possible paths through a specific section of code.
- Statement Coverage: Ensuring that each line of code is executed at least once.
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Experience Based: Testing based on the tester's experience and intuition.
- Error Guessing: Using the tester's expertise to identify potential errors.
- Exploratory Testing: Testing the application without predefined test cases, allowing for flexibility and adaptability.
What is Selenium?
- A widely used open-source automated testing framework for validating web applications.
- Supports multiple programming languages like Java, C#, and Python for test script creation.
- Testing with Selenium is often referred to as Selenium Testing.
Selenium Tool Suite
- A suite of tools, each addressing specific testing needs.
Selenium Tools
- Selenium WebDriver: The primary tool for browser automation and control.
- Selenium IDE: A browser extension for recording and playing back test cases.
- Selenium Grid: A tool for distributing tests across multiple machines, allowing for parallel execution.
- Selenium Server: A component for managing interactions between Selenium WebDriver and the browser.
Who Developed Selenium?
- Jason Huggins created Selenium in 2004 at ThoughtWorks, initially named JavaScriptTestRunner.
- Paul Hammant significantly contributed to Selenium Remote Control (RC)
- Patrick Lightbody developed Selenium Grid.
- Shinya Kasatani created Selenium IDE.
- Simon Stewart developed WebDriver.
Why Name Selenium?
- The name Selenium came from a joke Jason Huggins told his team.
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