UN Main Tasks and Impact on Sweden
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main tasks of the UN?

  • Develop military technology
  • Protect human rights (correct)
  • Conduct scientific research
  • Promote global trade

The UN was formed before World War II to prevent future conflicts.

False (B)

Name the body responsible for international peace and security within the UN.

Security Council

The UN charter was adopted in _____ and is binding on all _______ member states.

<p>1948, 193</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following UN bodies with their primary functions:

<p>General Assembly = Discuss global issues and make recommendations Security Council = Maintain international peace and security Secretariat = Manage day-to-day operations Peacekeepers = Protect civilians in conflict zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a country does not comply with binding agreements?

<p>They may face sanctions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Economic sanctions are considered recommendations made by the UN.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many UN peacekeeping operations are currently deployed?

<p>11</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is responsible for investigating and submitting proposals for new EU rules?

<p>European Commission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regulations in the EU require member states to adjust their national laws to comply.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Economic and Social Council?

<p>To handle economic, social, and humanitarian issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The European Convention on Human Rights was created in ___ as a response to World War II atrocities.

<p>1950</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following rights protected by the European Convention on Human Rights with their descriptions:

<p>Protection against the death penalty = Prohibits execution of convicted individuals Right to a fair trial = Ensures legal proceedings are just and impartial Right to personal liberty = Guarantees freedom from arbitrary arrest Right to freedom of expression = Protects individuals' rights to express opinions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must member states do to comply with EU directives?

<p>Create or adjust national laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All EU member states can influence EU decisions through national governments.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the European Court of Justice?

<p>To ensure EU laws are followed correctly and resolve disputes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

EU membership allows citizens to live, work, and study in any EU country without a ___ permit.

<p>special residence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one main responsibility of EU membership?

<p>Contribute to the EU budget (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did the ECHR become a part of Swedish law?

<p>1995 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The European Council can make binding decisions for EU member states.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Swedish courts have the authority to ignore the decisions made by the European Court of Human Rights.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one example of a restriction on goods within the EU.

<p>Medicines, weapons, or certain foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The independence of Palau was an example of the Trusteeship Council's purpose to guide non-self governing territories toward ___ .

<p>independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can an individual do if their rights are violated in Sweden?

<p>Take their case to a Swedish court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the Swedish law conflicts with the rights in the convention, it is required to interpret the law to align with the ______.

<p>convention</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following EU institutions with their functions:

<p>European Council = Heads of state discuss horizontal issues European Parliament = Elected representatives debate and vote on proposals Council of Ministers = Ministers review and suggest changes to proposals European Commission = Investigates and submits new EU rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

<p>Lagval = Choice of law Domstolsrätt = Jurisdiction Verkställande = Enforcement Erkännande = Recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Brussels II regulation, where is a divorce case typically handled?

<p>In the country where the spouses live (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The European Court of Human Rights can make recommendations, but its decisions are not binding for member states.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can the state restrict rights such as freedom of expression?

<p>If prescribed by law, serving an important purpose, and proportionate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the EU succession regulation, normally, the laws of the country where the deceased last lived apply, but one can choose to apply the laws of their ______.

<p>home country</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason a state can limit rights?

<p>Promoting freedom of expression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Custody decisions made in one EU country must be recognized and enforced in other EU countries.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that courts consider in custody disputes?

<p>The child's best interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The authority of a court to handle a case is referred to as ______.

<p>jurisdiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following regulations to their application:

<p>Brussels II Regulation = Divorce and custody disputes Rome III Regulation = Choice of law for divorce EU Succession Regulation = Inheritance laws ECHR = Human rights protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

UN's Main Task

To maintain international peace and security, protect human rights, provide humanitarian aid, and work for sustainable development.

UN Peacekeeping

Sending peacekeeping forces to areas of tension to protect civilians and reduce the risk of violence.

UN Charter

A document adopted in 1948 that outlines the UN's goals and principles, binding all 193 member states.

Binding Agreements

Decisions of the UN Security Council that all member states must follow, such as economic sanctions or military action.

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Recommendations

Decisions made by the UN General Assembly that are not legally binding on member states.

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UN's 6 Main Parts

General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat, Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice, and Trusteeship Council.

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Security Council's Power

Responsible for international peace and security. It has 15 members, 5 of which are permanent with veto power.

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UN's Impact on Sweden

Sweden follows many UN agreements and principles, including binding conventions and Security Council resolutions.

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International Court of Justice

A court that settles legal disputes between countries.

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Economic and Social Council

A council that handles economic, social, and humanitarian issues within the UN.

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Trusteeship Council

A council that helped non-self-governing territories achieve independence. It no longer operates.

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European Commission

Investigates and proposes new EU rules. Represents all 27 member countries.

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European Parliament

Debates and votes on EU proposals, made up of elected representatives from all EU countries.

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Council of Ministers

Reviews and votes on EU proposals, made up of ministers from each EU country.

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European Council

Made up of heads of state and government. Discusses broader EU issues, influential but not decision-making.

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EU membership rights

Rights enjoyed by EU citizens, including freedom of movement, access to the single market, and the right to work in any EU country.

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EU membership obligations

Obligations of EU member states, including complying with EU laws, contributing to the EU budget, and upholding EU values.

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EU laws affect our lives

EU decisions influence many aspects of our lives, such as consumer protection, environmental laws, and trade policies.

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Influencing EU decisions

We can influence EU decisions by voting in European Parliament elections and through national governments in the European Council.

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EU regulations

Binding EU laws that apply directly in all member states without needing national changes.

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EU directives

Binding EU laws setting goals, but member states decide how to implement them.

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European Court of Justice (ECJ)

Ensures EU laws are followed correctly, interprets EU laws, resolves disputes, and ensures implementation.

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EU laws in Sweden

EU laws are implemented in Sweden either directly through regulations or through national laws created to meet EU directive goals.

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European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)

An international treaty that protects fundamental human rights in Europe. It is a part of Swedish law, meaning Swedish courts must follow its rules.

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ECHR and Swedish Legislation

When Swedish laws conflict with ECHR rights, Swedish courts must interpret those laws to align with the convention.

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Violation of Human Rights - Swedish Courts

If a person believes their rights have been violated, they can bring their case to a Swedish court. The court can then decide and review the case.

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Appeal to European Court of Human Rights

If a Swedish court fails to resolve a human rights violation, a person can appeal to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg.

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Binding Decisions of ECHR

Decisions from the European Court of Human Rights are binding on member states. If Sweden violates the ECHR, it must take action to correct the violation.

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Restrictions on Rights

The state can restrict certain rights, like freedom of expression or privacy, but only under specific conditions.

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Conditions for Restricting Rights

Restrictions on rights must be prescribed by law, serve a legitimate purpose for society, and be proportionate to achieve that purpose.

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Examples of Rights Restrictions

Restrictions on freedom of speech might occur for hate speech, national security, or preventing the spread of harmful fake news. Restrictions on privacy might occur during criminal investigations.

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EU Regulations in International Disputes

EU regulations, like the Brussels II and Rome regulations, provide rules for handling disputes between individuals from different countries.

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Divorce and Property Division

Under Brussels II, divorce and property division cases are usually handled in the country where the spouses live. Spouses can also agree on which law applies to their divorce.

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Inheritance Laws in EU

The EU Succession Regulation dictates which country's laws apply to inheritance. Usually, the deceased's last residence determines the law, but they can choose their country's law.

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Custody Disputes in EU

Brussels II designates the court in the child's habitual residence as having jurisdiction in custody disputes. The child's best interests are the most important factor.

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Key Concepts in International Private Law

Lagval (choice of law), Domstolsrätt (jurisdiction), Erkännande (recognition), and Verkställande (enforcement) work together to ensure fair and clear handling of international disputes.

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Choice of Law (Lagval)

Deciding which country's laws apply in a case, like a divorce between people of different countries.

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Jurisdiction (Domstolsrätt)

Determining which country's court has the authority to handle the case, like a child custody case based on the child's habitual residence.

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Study Notes

UN Main Tasks and Operations

  • Formed in 1945 to prevent future wars, the UN has four main tasks: maintaining international peace, protecting human rights, providing humanitarian aid, and promoting sustainable development.
  • The UN Charter, adopted in 1948, is binding on all 193 member states.
  • Maintains peace by using diplomacy and mediation, encouraging dialogue and compromise, and preventing conflicts.
  • Deploys peacekeepers to areas of tension to protect civilians and reduce violence. Currently, there are 11 peacekeeping operations deployed, 71 total since 1948.
  • Works to protect human rights globally, including combating climate change, protecting nature, and ensuring access to clean water and food.
  • Sweden actively participates in UN agreements and principles.
  • Binding agreements like UN conventions and Security Council resolutions (e.g., sanctions, military decisions) must be followed by member countries.
  • Decisions by the UN General Assembly are considered recommendations.
  • Non-compliance with binding agreements can lead to sanctions (e.g., trade restrictions, political pressure).
  • The UN is organized into six main parts: General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat, International Court of Justice, Economic and Social Council, and Trusteeship Council (though the latter no longer operates).
  • The Security Council has 15 members, 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, UK, and the US) with veto power.

EU Law and Cooperation

  • The EU Commission proposes new EU laws. It identifies and recommends solutions through proposals.
  • The European Parliament debates and votes on proposals.
  • The Council of Ministers (made of ministers from each EU country) reviews and votes on proposals, possibly making changes and sending them back for further votes.
  • The European Council (heads of state or government from all EU countries) discusses horizontal issues, though decisions are non-binding.
  • EU membership involves rights (e.g., freedom to live, work, and study in any EU country; access to the single market) and obligations (e.g., compliance with EU laws, contribution to the EU budget).
  • EU decisions impact various areas (e.g., consumer protection, environmental laws, trade policies).
  • EU citizens can influence decisions through voting in European Parliament elections, and national governments play a role in the European Council.

EU Law Types and Implementation

  • Two main types of EU law: Regulations (directly applicable) and Directives (binding goals, requiring member state actions).
  • Regulations automatically become law in all EU countries without needing national adaptations. (e.g., GDPR).
  • Directives require national laws to meet the specified goals, with member states defining the implementation method.
  • The European Court of Justice (ECJ) ensures compliance with EU law; interprets EU laws, solves disputes, and ensures member states implement EU laws correctly.
  • EU laws are implemented in Sweden through automatic application of regulations and implementation measures for directives.

ECHR (European Convention on Human Rights)

  • Created in 1950 to protect human rights after the Second World War, involving 47 European states.
  • Guarantees freedoms and rights like protection against death penalty and torture, personal liberty, fair trial, privacy, and freedom of expression and religion.

ECHR's Impact on Sweden

  • ECHR is a part of Swedish law (1995) requiring Swedish courts to adhere to its principles.
  • Swedish laws clashing with ECHR principles require adaptation to comply.
  • Cases of human rights violations allow individuals to sue through Swedish courts (potential remedy or compensation).
  • Swedish courts potentially reconsider cases according to ECHR rulings. Appeals possible to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR).

Role of ECtHR

  • Ensures respect for ECHR rights across member states.
  • Reviews complaints from individuals, groups, or states claiming violations.
  • If a violation is found, the ruling is binding on the state, requiring action towards corrections to avoid future issues.

State Restrictions on Rights

  • States can limit certain rights (expression, privacy) if the limits are prescribed by law, serve a pressing social need, and are proportionate to the targeted goal.
  • Examples include restrictions for hate speech, national security, or preventing the spread of harmful misinformation.

International Private and Procedural Law

  • Deals with legal disputes between citizens from different countries.
  • Key concepts include choice of law, jurisdiction, recognition, and enforcement to ensure fairness and clarity in these cases.
  • Choice of law (Lagval) decides a relevant legal system.
  • Jurisdiction (Domstolsrätt) determines which court has authority.
  • Recognition (Erkännande) ensures court decisions are accepted in other jurisdictions.
  • Enforcement (Verkställande) enforces decisions across borders.
  • Used in areas like divorce (Brussels II Regulation, Rome III Regulation), inheritance (EU Succession Regulation), and custody disputes (Brussels II Regulation).

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Explore the key tasks and operations of the United Nations established in 1945, including its role in maintaining peace and protecting human rights. Discover how Sweden engages with UN agreements and the legal processes that ensure compliance with international standards.

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