Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the main tasks of the UN?
What is one of the main tasks of the UN?
The UN was formed before World War II to prevent future conflicts.
The UN was formed before World War II to prevent future conflicts.
False
Name the body responsible for international peace and security within the UN.
Name the body responsible for international peace and security within the UN.
Security Council
The UN charter was adopted in _____ and is binding on all _______ member states.
The UN charter was adopted in _____ and is binding on all _______ member states.
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Match the following UN bodies with their primary functions:
Match the following UN bodies with their primary functions:
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What happens if a country does not comply with binding agreements?
What happens if a country does not comply with binding agreements?
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Economic sanctions are considered recommendations made by the UN.
Economic sanctions are considered recommendations made by the UN.
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How many UN peacekeeping operations are currently deployed?
How many UN peacekeeping operations are currently deployed?
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Which institution is responsible for investigating and submitting proposals for new EU rules?
Which institution is responsible for investigating and submitting proposals for new EU rules?
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Regulations in the EU require member states to adjust their national laws to comply.
Regulations in the EU require member states to adjust their national laws to comply.
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What is the purpose of the Economic and Social Council?
What is the purpose of the Economic and Social Council?
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The European Convention on Human Rights was created in ___ as a response to World War II atrocities.
The European Convention on Human Rights was created in ___ as a response to World War II atrocities.
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Match the following rights protected by the European Convention on Human Rights with their descriptions:
Match the following rights protected by the European Convention on Human Rights with their descriptions:
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What must member states do to comply with EU directives?
What must member states do to comply with EU directives?
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All EU member states can influence EU decisions through national governments.
All EU member states can influence EU decisions through national governments.
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What is the role of the European Court of Justice?
What is the role of the European Court of Justice?
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EU membership allows citizens to live, work, and study in any EU country without a ___ permit.
EU membership allows citizens to live, work, and study in any EU country without a ___ permit.
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What is one main responsibility of EU membership?
What is one main responsibility of EU membership?
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What year did the ECHR become a part of Swedish law?
What year did the ECHR become a part of Swedish law?
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The European Council can make binding decisions for EU member states.
The European Council can make binding decisions for EU member states.
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Swedish courts have the authority to ignore the decisions made by the European Court of Human Rights.
Swedish courts have the authority to ignore the decisions made by the European Court of Human Rights.
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Name one example of a restriction on goods within the EU.
Name one example of a restriction on goods within the EU.
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The independence of Palau was an example of the Trusteeship Council's purpose to guide non-self governing territories toward ___ .
The independence of Palau was an example of the Trusteeship Council's purpose to guide non-self governing territories toward ___ .
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What can an individual do if their rights are violated in Sweden?
What can an individual do if their rights are violated in Sweden?
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If the Swedish law conflicts with the rights in the convention, it is required to interpret the law to align with the ______.
If the Swedish law conflicts with the rights in the convention, it is required to interpret the law to align with the ______.
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Match the following EU institutions with their functions:
Match the following EU institutions with their functions:
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Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
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Under the Brussels II regulation, where is a divorce case typically handled?
Under the Brussels II regulation, where is a divorce case typically handled?
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The European Court of Human Rights can make recommendations, but its decisions are not binding for member states.
The European Court of Human Rights can make recommendations, but its decisions are not binding for member states.
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When can the state restrict rights such as freedom of expression?
When can the state restrict rights such as freedom of expression?
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Under the EU succession regulation, normally, the laws of the country where the deceased last lived apply, but one can choose to apply the laws of their ______.
Under the EU succession regulation, normally, the laws of the country where the deceased last lived apply, but one can choose to apply the laws of their ______.
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Which of the following is NOT a reason a state can limit rights?
Which of the following is NOT a reason a state can limit rights?
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Custody decisions made in one EU country must be recognized and enforced in other EU countries.
Custody decisions made in one EU country must be recognized and enforced in other EU countries.
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What is the primary factor that courts consider in custody disputes?
What is the primary factor that courts consider in custody disputes?
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The authority of a court to handle a case is referred to as ______.
The authority of a court to handle a case is referred to as ______.
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Match the following regulations to their application:
Match the following regulations to their application:
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Study Notes
UN Main Tasks and Operations
- Formed in 1945 to prevent future wars, the UN has four main tasks: maintaining international peace, protecting human rights, providing humanitarian aid, and promoting sustainable development.
- The UN Charter, adopted in 1948, is binding on all 193 member states.
- Maintains peace by using diplomacy and mediation, encouraging dialogue and compromise, and preventing conflicts.
- Deploys peacekeepers to areas of tension to protect civilians and reduce violence. Currently, there are 11 peacekeeping operations deployed, 71 total since 1948.
- Works to protect human rights globally, including combating climate change, protecting nature, and ensuring access to clean water and food.
UN Impact on Sweden and Legal Processes
- Sweden actively participates in UN agreements and principles.
- Binding agreements like UN conventions and Security Council resolutions (e.g., sanctions, military decisions) must be followed by member countries.
- Decisions by the UN General Assembly are considered recommendations.
- Non-compliance with binding agreements can lead to sanctions (e.g., trade restrictions, political pressure).
- The UN is organized into six main parts: General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat, International Court of Justice, Economic and Social Council, and Trusteeship Council (though the latter no longer operates).
- The Security Council has 15 members, 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, UK, and the US) with veto power.
EU Law and Cooperation
- The EU Commission proposes new EU laws. It identifies and recommends solutions through proposals.
- The European Parliament debates and votes on proposals.
- The Council of Ministers (made of ministers from each EU country) reviews and votes on proposals, possibly making changes and sending them back for further votes.
- The European Council (heads of state or government from all EU countries) discusses horizontal issues, though decisions are non-binding.
- EU membership involves rights (e.g., freedom to live, work, and study in any EU country; access to the single market) and obligations (e.g., compliance with EU laws, contribution to the EU budget).
- EU decisions impact various areas (e.g., consumer protection, environmental laws, trade policies).
- EU citizens can influence decisions through voting in European Parliament elections, and national governments play a role in the European Council.
EU Law Types and Implementation
- Two main types of EU law: Regulations (directly applicable) and Directives (binding goals, requiring member state actions).
- Regulations automatically become law in all EU countries without needing national adaptations. (e.g., GDPR).
- Directives require national laws to meet the specified goals, with member states defining the implementation method.
- The European Court of Justice (ECJ) ensures compliance with EU law; interprets EU laws, solves disputes, and ensures member states implement EU laws correctly.
- EU laws are implemented in Sweden through automatic application of regulations and implementation measures for directives.
ECHR (European Convention on Human Rights)
- Created in 1950 to protect human rights after the Second World War, involving 47 European states.
- Guarantees freedoms and rights like protection against death penalty and torture, personal liberty, fair trial, privacy, and freedom of expression and religion.
ECHR's Impact on Sweden
- ECHR is a part of Swedish law (1995) requiring Swedish courts to adhere to its principles.
- Swedish laws clashing with ECHR principles require adaptation to comply.
- Cases of human rights violations allow individuals to sue through Swedish courts (potential remedy or compensation).
- Swedish courts potentially reconsider cases according to ECHR rulings. Appeals possible to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR).
Role of ECtHR
- Ensures respect for ECHR rights across member states.
- Reviews complaints from individuals, groups, or states claiming violations.
- If a violation is found, the ruling is binding on the state, requiring action towards corrections to avoid future issues.
State Restrictions on Rights
- States can limit certain rights (expression, privacy) if the limits are prescribed by law, serve a pressing social need, and are proportionate to the targeted goal.
- Examples include restrictions for hate speech, national security, or preventing the spread of harmful misinformation.
International Private and Procedural Law
- Deals with legal disputes between citizens from different countries.
- Key concepts include choice of law, jurisdiction, recognition, and enforcement to ensure fairness and clarity in these cases.
- Choice of law (Lagval) decides a relevant legal system.
- Jurisdiction (Domstolsrätt) determines which court has authority.
- Recognition (Erkännande) ensures court decisions are accepted in other jurisdictions.
- Enforcement (Verkställande) enforces decisions across borders.
- Used in areas like divorce (Brussels II Regulation, Rome III Regulation), inheritance (EU Succession Regulation), and custody disputes (Brussels II Regulation).
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Description
Explore the key tasks and operations of the United Nations established in 1945, including its role in maintaining peace and protecting human rights. Discover how Sweden engages with UN agreements and the legal processes that ensure compliance with international standards.
