Umayyad Period Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the time frame of the Umayyad dynasty?

  • 622-799
  • 500-722
  • 138-422 (correct)
  • 120-500

    • What was Abd Al-Rahman I’s role after the Umayyads lost the Caliphate in Damascus?

  • He became Emir of Córdoba. (correct)
  • He became a military leader in Syria.
  • He was appointed Caliph of Baghdad.
  • He founded the Abbasid dynasty.

    • Which statement accurately describes the Mosque of Córdoba?

  • It was built entirely from scratch with no prior structures.
  • It was built on the site of a Visigothic Church. (correct)
  • It was constructed during the Abbasid period.
  • It served only as a mosque from the beginning.

    • Who proclaimed himself as the 'amir al-mu'min'?

    <p>Abd al-Rahman III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus for the Umayyads?

    <p>It emphasized their legitimacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the Umayyads to come to Iberia?

    <p>The Abbasids overthrew them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect was a peak of the caliphate of Córdoba?

    <p>Economy and culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Umayyads do to prevent their people from going abroad?

    <p>They discouraged pilgrimage to Mecca.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome did Al-Mutamid prefer over surrender?

    <p>Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is described as originally coming from the Qur´anic notion of a place of practice?

    <p>Almoravids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the ruler of the Almoravids from 1062 to 1106?

    <p>Yusuf ibn Tashufin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Berber Dynasties play in the politics of al-Andalus?

    <p>They secured the survival of al-Andalus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tribe is associated with the Berbers of the Maghreb that included the Almoravids?

    <p>Sanhaja</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What title did Abd al-Rahman III proclaim for himself?

    <p>Amir al-Mu'min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Umma' refer to in the context of the Muslim community?

    <p>Community or nation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the mosque that holds great significance in al-Andalus?

    <p>Mosque of Cordoba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Mozarabs' refer to?

    <p>Arabized Christians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year marks the founding of the caliphate by Abd al-Rahman III?

    <p>929</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concern did Paul Alvarus express regarding the cultural changes in Cordoba?

    <p>Loss of traditional Latin culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term did the Umayyads prefer to describe their community rather than 'Umma'?

    <p>Jemaa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major aim for Abd al-Rahman III when he claimed leadership?

    <p>To restore Umayyad power and legitimacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who completed the courtyard or sahn and erected the first minaret of the mosque?

    <p>Hisham I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant architectural feature is inspired by the Dome of the Rock?

    <p>Double arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dynasty ruled Al-Andalus for 275 years, establishing a significant legacy?

    <p>Umayyad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the capital city of the Umayyads in Al-Andalus?

    <p>Córdoba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event prompted the Umayyads to seek refuge in Iberia?

    <p>Abbasid conquest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a characteristic feature of the mosque's orientation?

    <p>Misoriented by 51 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable transformation did the bishop of Córdoba implement in 2010 regarding the mosque?

    <p>Renamed it to the Catedral de Córdoba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a common misconception regarding the mosque's history?

    <p>It has a misleading narrative of a Visigoth Basilica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the peak of Islamic influence in Iberia mainly attributed to?

    <p>The rule of Almanzor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cities served as important harbors for the Umayyads?

    <p>Pechina and Almería</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe Islamic territory?

    <p>Dar al-Islam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of importing Berber fighters to al-Andalus?

    <p>To strengthen the army and increase troop numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Duero Valley in the context of al-Andalus?

    <p>It served as a buffer zone against enemy territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many provinces and cities comprised the Islamic territory in Iberia?

    <p>26 provinces and 18 cities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the tax that non-Muslims had to pay for protection in Islamic society?

    <p>Jizya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the treatment of Christians and Jews within the Islamic legal system?

    <p>Discriminatory system with integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the obligations of non-Muslims under the Dhimma legal status?

    <p>Pay the jizya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of non-Muslims regarding their legal traditions in Islamic society?

    <p>They could maintain their traditions and norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which figure significantly expanded the Mosque of Cordoba and was an important leader in the Umayyad Caliphate?

    <p>Almanzor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred in Islamic governance in 929?

    <p>Proclamation of the Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Ahl al-Kitab' refer to in the context of Islamic society?

    <p>People of the Book</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to the jizya, what was one right granted to non-Muslims under Dhimma status?

    <p>Security and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Umayyad Period

    • Earliest Islamic caliphate dynasty, ruling from 138-422 (756-1031)
    • Umayyads were Quraysh, the same tribe as the Quraysh tribe of Muhammad
    • Moved to Iberia after the Abbasids overthrew them
    • Ruled as an emirate from 756 to 929 for 173 years
    • Ruled as a caliphate from 929 to 1031 for 102 years
    • Abd al-Rahman I became Emir of Cordoba in 756
    • Abd al-Rahman III proclaimed himself "amir al-muʼmin" (commander of the Faithful)
    • Umayyad dynasty in Cordoba peaked in economy and culture from 929-1031
    • Abd al-Rahman died without a successor, leading to succession disputes
    • Umayyad family had a strong hereditary tradition

    Timeline

    • Umayyads: 756-1031 (275 years)
    • Taifa Kingdoms: 1031-1086 (55 years)
    • Almoravids: 1086-1148 (62 years)
    • Almohads: 1148-1248 (100 years)
    • Nasrids: 1242-1492 (250 years)

    Mosque of Córdoba

    • Second most important landmark in Spain after the Alhambra
    • Built on the site of a Visigothic church
    • Abd al-Rahman I purchased the land and had the mosque built in the 8th century (784)
    • Later expansions were carried out by later Umayyads to the point where the mosque reached a total surface of 23,400 square meters in the 10th century, placing it as second largest mosque to the Blue Mosque of Istanbul
    • The original structure was demolished and reconstructed.
    • Incorporates styles from other buildings
    • Constructed over two centuries
    • Notable architectural features include marble, jasper, onyx, and granite.
    • Mosque is misoriented by 51 degrees.

    Abbasid Crackdown of the Umayyads

    • Abbasids tried to eliminate all surviving Umayyads to prevent them from claiming the throne
    • Forced Umayyads to move to Iberia in 750
    • Umayyads in Iberia's rule lasted for 275 years.

    Other Important Points

    • Islamic State Tributary System: Included peasants, high urban development, and ethnic/linguistic/religious diversity
    • Tax system: Included Kharaj (agricultural land tax), Zaka (agricultural tax), Jizya (poll tax), and Magarim (trade transactions)
    • Arabization and Islamization in Iberia: Process of cultural and religious adoption by conquered people, not a top-down policy
    • Dhimma Legal Status: Legal agreement for non-Muslims, granting rights but with limitations
    • Job opportunities: Non-Muslims could work in administration, though positions of leadership were reserved for Muslims.
    • Religious Diversity: Christians and Jews were part of the diverse society of al-Andalus, living under Islamic rule with certain protections under the Dhimmi status system.

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    The Umayyad Period PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge about the Umayyad dynasty, its history, and the significant events that shaped its rule. This quiz covers the timeline, major figures, and cultural achievements from 756 to 1031, including details about the Mosque of Córdoba. Explore the legacy of the Umayyads and their impact on Islamic history.

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