Human Physiology Week 10a-d.13 - Transcripts

The size of the airway, measured as the radius or lumen.

The opposition to airflow in the airways.

Muscles in the walls of the airways, which contract and relax to adjust the airway diameter.

The contraction of smooth muscles in the airway, leading to a narrowing of the airway.

Stiff tissue in the airways which make the airway more rigid, preventing excessive narrowing.

Bronchioles, lacking cartilage and having smooth muscle, are major determinants of lung airway resistance, as their constriction/dilation changes airflow.

Part of the respiratory system where gas exchange occurs; characterized by alveoli.

Smaller airway diameters cause greater resistance to airflow, while larger diameters decrease resistance.

Smooth muscles in bronchioles control their diameter.

Alveoli in the respiratory zone are vital for gas exchange—absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide at the lung's periphery.

Opposition to airflow in the bronchi and bronchioles, affected by airway size, influencing breathing effort and gas exchange.

Narrowing of airways due to smooth muscle contraction.

High-pitched sound during breathing out, often caused by narrowed airways.

Airway diameter directly affects airflow. Smaller diameters increase resistance, making breathing harder.

Airway resistance increases during exhalation, particularly with deep breaths as airways compress.

Narrowing of the airway caused by smooth muscle contraction.

Increased blood flow and swelling in airways, reducing space for air.

Excessive mucus buildup in airways, hindering airflow.

Permanent changes in airway structure due to chronic inflammation, leading to smaller and stiffer airways.

Expanding the airway to improve air flow by hindering smooth muscle contraction.

Relaxation of airway smooth muscles, widening the airways to improve airflow.

Lung scarring, making them stiffer and less elastic

Measure of the concentration of a gas in a mixture, like air or blood.

Lungs capable of stretching and recoiling, maintaining proper breathing.

Used to relax airway muscles (bronchodilation) or reduce inflammation to improve breathing in asthma.

The pressure exerted by the weight of the air molecules surrounding us.

The pressure of a substance relative to a complete vacuum (empty space with no air).

The deeper you go (in a pool or atmosphere) the greater the pressure exerted.

The individual pressure exerted by a specific gas within a mixture of gases.

The pressure of the Earth's atmosphere at sea level under normal conditions, approximately 760 millimeters of mercury.