Ultraviolet Radiation Physiotherapy

Ultraviolet Radiation Physiotherapy

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum that extends from visible light into the high energy end of the spectrum. UV light can be divided into three main categories based on their wavelengths: UVA (longest), UVB, and UVC (shortest). While excessive exposure to UV radiation has been associated with skin problems such as sunburn and melanoma cancer, it also plays a significant role in various types of physiotherapy treatments.

UVA

The longest waveband of UV light, known as UVA, accounts for around 95% of all solar UV radiation reaching Earth's surface. It penetrates deep into the dermis layer of the skin without causing damage like DNA changes seen by shorter waves. This feature makes it useful in certain phototherapies because it stimulates collagen production below the skin's surface. For instance, low doses of longwave UVB have shown positive effects when used as a treatment for psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by red, scaly patches on the skin.

UVB

In contrast, the shorter wavelength UVB contributes less than 5% to total solar UV radiation reaching us. Although more susceptible to atmospheric absorption, this type still reaches our planet directly or indirectly via scattering through clouds. Its ability to cause sunburn and genetic mutations explains why we need protection against UVB during sun exposure. However, UVB rays are essential for producing vitamin D in humans—a key component for bone growth and immune system health.

Photoreactive Skin Cells

Photodermatoses are conditions that involve photosensitivity caused by abnormally reactive skin cells exposed to ordinary sunlight. These reactions range from mild, temporary inflammation called polymorphous light eruption to severe burning sensations within minutes after being exposed. Such cases highlight how sensitive some individuals may become under specific circumstances.

Therapeutic Applications of UV Light

Despite its potential hazards when overexposed, UV light has proven beneficial in several therapeutic applications:

1. Psoriasis Treatment: As mentioned earlier, controlled exposures to UVB therapy can help manage symptoms of psoriasis by slowing down rapid cell division within the epidermal tissue. This results in fewer scales on the patient's skin and reduced redness overall.

2. Joint Hypermobility Syndrome Treatment: Some studies suggest using UV light therapy for treating joint pain related to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome—particularly when accompanied by hypermobility issues.

3. Skin Cancer Prevention: Low dose UV radiation might play a protective role against malignant melanoma development if done correctly. Intermittent low doses could potentially reduce the risk of skin cancer due to its immunosuppressive effect.

These examples demonstrate how carefully controlled amounts of ultraviolet radiation can improve medical outcomes rather than simply causing harm. Understanding both the risks and benefits of UV exposure is crucial for practitioners looking to employ these techniques effectively while minimizing side effects.