Ultrasound Theory
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Questions and Answers

What type of reflection occurs when a wave reflects off an irregular surface?

  • Scattered reflection
  • Diffuse reflection (correct)
  • Angles dependent reflection
  • Specular reflection

    • What is the product of the medium's density and the speed of sound in the medium?

  • Acoustic impedance (correct)
  • Frequency of sound
  • Wavelength of sound
  • Speed of sound

    • What is the result of a higher acoustic impedance of the tissue?

  • More propagation of the sound wave
  • Increased sound wave frequency
  • No change in sound wave propagation
  • Less propagation of the sound wave (correct)

    • What type of interfaces in the body produce specular echoes?

    <p>Interfaces with smooth surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of diffuse reflections in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Interfaces at suboptimal angles to the sound beam will still produce reflections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a sound wave contacts the boundary of tissues at an oblique angle?

    <p>Refraction occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the combined effects of absorption, scattering, and reflection?

    <p>Attenuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the distance traveled by the ultrasound wave affect attenuation?

    <p>Attenuation increases as the ultrasound propagates deeper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medium causes a higher degree of attenuation?

    <p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflection occurs when the acoustic interface is large and smooth?

    <p>Specular reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the speed of sound in a medium?

    <p>Stiffness and density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason pulsed ultrasound is used in diagnostic imaging?

    <p>To create anatomic images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the spatial pulse length dependent on?

    <p>Pulse duration and frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the velocity of sound in soft tissue?

    <p>1540 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are anatomic images created in diagnostic ultrasound?

    <p>Using pulsed ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the speed of pressure waves in different tissues?

    <p>Stiffness and density of the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ultrasound waves when they interact with tissue?

    <p>They can be attenuated, absorbed, reflected, scattered, or diffracted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of brief pulses of acoustic energy in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>To visualize and examine different anatomical parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of diagnostic ultrasound compared to other imaging modalities?

    <p>It offers several advantages over other imaging modalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between ultrasound waves and tissue in terms of the acoustic energy?

    <p>The acoustic energy is detected and displayed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the extent of reflection of sound waves in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>The difference in impedance between tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using high-frequency sound waves in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>They provide higher resolution images of superficial structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of bone on an ultrasound image?

    <p>It appears hyperechoic due to high impedance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of keeping the incident sound waves perpendicular to the tissue under evaluation?

    <p>It allows most of the sound waves to return back to the transducer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of fluid on an ultrasound image?

    <p>It appears anechoic due to low impedance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary principle behind the detection of flow parameters in ultrasound techniques?

    <p>Doppler shift of frequency due to motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of tissues allows for their recognition in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Different scattering and reflection patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the velocity of sound waves in air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure?

    <p>340 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using high-frequency sound waves in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Improved resolution and image quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ultrasound the preferred imaging technology in obstetrics?

    <p>It is the safest and most effective method for fetal imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between pulse repetition period and imaging depth?

    <p>They are directly related</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a transducer in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>To convert electrical energy into sound energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a shorter pulse repetition period on imaging?

    <p>Less listening and shallower imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the propagation of incident sound waves in oblique directions?

    <p>Scattering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of pulse repetition frequency?

    <p>Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duty factor dependent on?

    <p>Pulse duration and pulse repetition period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum distance that an ultrasound system can image?

    <p>Depth of view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the pulse repetition period?

    <p>The time between consecutive pulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a higher pulse repetition frequency?

    <p>Shallower imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflection occurs when a wave reflects off a smooth surface?

    <p>Specular reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the amplitude of reflected waves in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Acoustic impedance of the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the scattered waves that travel in different directions?

    <p>Diffuse reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the brightness of an ultrasound image?

    <p>Amplitude of reflected waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs of a sound wave?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between intensity and power in a sound wave?

    <p>Intensity is proportional to power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for wavelength in sound waves?

    <p>mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between intensity and amplitude in a sound wave?

    <p>Intensity is proportional to amplitude squared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parameters cannot be changed by the sonographer?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency in a sound wave?

    <p>Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why ultrasound is considered the safest modality in obstetrical imaging?

    <p>It uses no ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of sound waves that allows them to travel in a straight line?

    <p>They are longitudinal waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter of a sound wave is the amount of time it takes for a wave to travel one wavelength?

    <p>Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of ultrasound in terms of patient preparation?

    <p>It requires minimal preparation of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography or MRI be used instead of ultrasound in some cases?

    <p>Because diagnostic images cannot be obtained due to a variety of reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflection occurs when a wave reflects off an irregular surface?

    <p>Diffuse reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of tissues affects the propagation of sound waves in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Acoustic impedance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of fluid on an ultrasound image?

    <p>Anechoic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sound waves when they interact with tissue at an oblique angle?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the direction of scattered sound waves?

    <p>Surface roughness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflection occurs when a sound wave interacts with a smooth surface?

    <p>Specular reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of tissues allows for their recognition in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Their acoustic impedance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the speed of pressure waves in different tissues?

    <p>The acoustic impedance of the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between ultrasound waves and tissue in terms of the acoustic energy?

    <p>The sound wave is reflected off the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the interpretation of an ultrasound image?

    <p>The skill and experience of the operator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is determined only by the sound source and cannot be changed by the sonographer?

    <p>Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflection occurs when a wave reflects off a smooth surface?

    <p>Specular reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for power in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the brightness of an ultrasound image?

    <p>Amplitude of the sound wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of amplitude on sound wave propagation in the body?

    <p>Amplitude decreases as sound propagates through the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflection occurs when a wave reflects off a smooth surface?

    <p>Specular reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between ultrasound waves and tissue in terms of the acoustic energy?

    <p>Attenuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects the amplitude of reflected waves in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Acoustic impedance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the speed of pressure waves in different tissues?

    <p>Elastic properties of the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medium causes a higher degree of attenuation?

    <p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a higher frequency ultrasound?

    <p>Increased attenuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of fluid on an ultrasound image?

    <p>Anechoic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the extent of reflection of sound waves in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Acoustic impedance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a sound wave contacts the boundary of tissues at an oblique angle?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the brightness of an ultrasound image?

    <p>Amplitude of the reflected wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when ultrasound waves interact with a smooth surface?

    <p>Specular reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the speed of sound in a medium?

    <p>Stiffness and density of the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflection occurs when ultrasound waves interact with an irregular surface?

    <p>Diffuse reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects the interpretation of an ultrasound image?

    <p>Properties of the tissue being imaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the spatial pulse length of a pulsed ultrasound wave?

    <p>Pulse duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the propagation of sound waves in ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Acoustic impedance of the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflection occurs when a sound wave encounters a large and smooth surface?

    <p>Specular reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the brightness of an ultrasound image?

    <p>Intensity of the sound wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of tissues allows them to be recognized in an ultrasound image?

    <p>Acoustic impedance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a sound wave encounters a medium with different acoustic impedance?

    <p>The sound wave is reflected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflection occurs when a sound wave encounters an irregular surface?

    <p>Diffuse reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the direction of scattered sound waves?

    <p>Angle of incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between intensity and amplitude of a sound wave?

    <p>Intensity is proportional to amplitude squared.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for power in a sound wave?

    <p>Watts per meter squared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the wavelength of a sound wave change when it propagates through a different medium?

    <p>It remains the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between power and intensity of a sound wave?

    <p>Power is directly proportional to intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter of a sound wave can be changed by the sonographer?

    <p>Intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the intensity of a sound wave?

    <p>Only the source of the sound wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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