30 Questions
What is a characteristic of mechanical waves?
They require a physical medium
What type of wave is a sound wave?
Mechanical wave
What is the speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?
Approximately 299,792.456.2 m/s
What is a characteristic of longitudinal waves?
Particle displacement occurs parallel to the wave's direction of energy movement
What is the relationship between two inversely proportional parameters?
When one parameter decreases, the other increases
What is a key parameter to consider in sound waves?
All of the above
What type of wave requires an initial vibration from a source object?
Mechanical wave
What is the direction of particle displacement in transverse waves?
Perpendicular to the wave's direction of propagation
What determines the speed of mechanical waves?
The type and state of the medium
What is a characteristic of electromagnetic waves?
They can propagate through a vacuum
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes sound waves from electromagnetic waves?
They require a medium to propagate
What is the term for the increase in pressure or density in a sound wave?
Compression
What is the result of a vibration occurring in a medium?
The disturbance of particles within the medium
What is the direction of the displacement of the medium in a longitudinal wave?
Parallel to the direction of the wave's propagation
What is the term for the decrease in pressure or density in a sound wave?
Rarefaction
What is the year in which the clinical adoption of ultrasound commenced in Glasgow?
1956
What is the term for the transfer of energy from one location to another without physical contact between the points?
Wave propagation
What is the nature of the intermolecular forces that connect molecules in a medium?
Elastic
What is the term for a disturbance or fluctuation that transfers energy from one location to another within a medium?
Wave
Who pioneered the use of B-mode ultrasound for brachial plexus blockade procedures?
Steven Kapral and his team
What was the primary motivator for the advancement of SONAR technology?
World War I's naval warfare
Who identified the piezoelectric effect, which is foundational for later ultrasound technology?
The Curie brothers
What was the significant outcome of Langevin's utilization of piezoelectric principles?
The creation of an early ultrasound device
When did the medical industry start experimenting with ultrasound for medical purposes?
1930s
What was the subject of Dussik's pioneering study published in 1942?
The ultrasound examination of the brain
What was the significant development in ultrasound technology that marked a new era in medical imaging?
The diagnostic uses for ultrasound
When did institutions worldwide develop pulsed ultrasound technology?
Late 1940s
What was the significant outcome of the development of pulsed ultrasound technology?
The introduction of 'B Mode' imaging
Who explored the concept of sound beyond the audible spectrum?
Spallanzani
What was the significant development in ultrasound technology that expanded with the advent of 3D and 4D imaging?
Ultrasound technology
Study Notes
Sound Waves
- Sound is a form of energy generated through vibration, transmitting energy from one location to another.
- Sound waves are characterized by alternating compressions and rarefactions, requiring a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate.
- Compressions signify an increase in pressure or density, while rarefactions occur during the troughs of the sound wave.
Types of Waves
- Mechanical Waves: defined by the disturbance of a physical medium, examples include ocean waves, sound waves, and seismic waves.
- Electromagnetic Waves (transverse wave): do not require a medium and can propagate through a vacuum, examples include radio waves, X-rays, and light.
Wave Classification
- Longitudinal Waves: particle displacement occurs parallel to the wave's direction of energy movement, requires a material for wave travel, and speed depends on the type and state of the medium.
- Transverse Waves: particle displacement occurs perpendicular to the wave's direction of propagation, velocity is relatively constant at approximately 299,792.456.2 m/s in a vacuum.
Ultrasound Technology
- 1794: Spallanzani explored sound beyond the audible spectrum.
- 1912: The Curie brothers identified the piezoelectric effect, foundational for later ultrasound technology.
- 1917: World War I's naval warfare spurred the advancement of SONAR technology.
- Late 1940s: Diagnostic uses for ultrasound started to emerge, marking a new era in medical imaging.
- 1950: Clinical adoption of ultrasound commenced in Glasgow, paving the way for broader medical applications.
- 1965: Advancements made real-time ultrasound imaging feasible.
- 1980s: The medical industry began experimenting with ultrasound for medical purposes.
- 1990s: Institutions worldwide developed pulsed ultrasound technology, leading to 'B Mode' imaging.
- 1994: Steven Kapral and his team pioneered the use of B-mode ultrasound for brachial plexus blockade procedures.
This quiz covers the history of ultrasound technology, from its clinical adoption in the 1950s to advancements in the 1980s and 1990s.
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