Ultrasound Registry Review Flashcards

GGTP and Blood Tests

• GGTP blood test is sensitive to alcoholism.
• GGTP combined with ALP indicates biliary obstruction.
• GGTP plus ALT suggests hepatocellular disease.

Tumors and Cancer Markers

• Normal AFP with high beta-hCG indicates seminoma.
• Embryonal cell carcinoma presents with high AFP and high beta-hCG.
• High AFP alone is indicative of yolk sac tumors.
• Non-seminomatous tumors are aggressive, primarily affecting individuals aged 20-30, and contain cystic areas and calcifications.
• Anaplastic thyroid cancer is the most lethal form, characterized by invasion of surrounding tissues.
• Seminoma tumors are the most common testicular cancer and lack cystic areas and necrosis.

Cystic and Solid Lesions

• Epidermoid cysts exhibit an onion-like appearance in the testicle.
• Lymphoma is the most common secondary malignancy in the testicles.
• Benign tumors such as oncocytomas have internal central scars, resembling renal cell carcinoma.

Hepatic and Vascular Findings

• Triphasic waveforms in hepatic veins indicate normal Doppler results.
• Monophasic waveform in the main portal vein shows hepatopetal flow with low resistance.
• High resistance is noted in the common iliac artery Doppler assessment.

Gallbladder and Hepatobiliary Conditions

• Emphysematous cholecystitis frequently affects males and diabetics.
• Adenomyomatosis presents as small polypoid projections, potentially causing twinkle artifacts.
• Peribiliary fluid forms around a perforated gallbladder.

Renal and Adrenal Conditions

• Conn disease leads to primary hyperaldosteronism, presenting with hypertension and renal potassium wasting.
• Retroperitoneal fibrosis can lead to ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis.
• Polysplenia is associated with right-sided defects and multiple spleens.

Gastrointestinal Disorders

• Crohn's disease is a chronic autoimmune condition often resulting in abscess formation.
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by symptoms without fever or enlarged nodes.

Cystic Conditions and Congenital Issues

• Biliary atresia is marked by narrowing or obliteration of the biliary tree, presenting a bright triangle on imaging.
• The Kasai procedure is a surgical intervention to address biliary atresia.

Miscellaneous

• Hemolytic anemia from sickle cell anemia can lead to gallstone formation due to accelerated red blood cell breakdown.
• Zinner syndrome involves an ejaculatory duct obstruction and unilateral renal agenesis.
• Wilson's disease involves excess copper, potentially causing chronic hepatitis.