28 Questions
What is the role of the metal plate in a transducer?
To convert mechanical energy to electrical energy
What type of wave does ultrasound travel as in bone?
Transverse wave
What happens to ultrasound waves as they travel through tissue?
They are reflected and refracted
What is the effect of increasing the frequency of ultrasound waves?
Increased absorption in superficial tissues
What is the suitable frequency for treating deeper lesions (3-5cm)?
1MHz
What is the maximum intensity of ultrasound that can be used without causing tissue damage?
2.5-3W.cm2
What is the primary effect of continuous mode ultrasound treatment?
Thermal effect
What is the significance of the duty cycle in ultrasound treatment?
It depends on the frequency, intensity, and treatment area
How long does it take to achieve a 4°C increase in local temperature using 1MHz at 1.5W/cm2 ultrasound?
12 minutes
What is the purpose of a conducting material in ultrasound treatment?
To decrease the impedance at the air-skin interface
What is the primary effect of a 1°C increase in temperature?
Increase metabolic rate
What is the primary benefit of non-thermal effects in ultrasound therapy?
Decreased edema and promotion of cellular repair
What is the result of molecular agitation in ultrasound therapy?
Formation of tiny gas bubbles in tissues
What is the purpose of using a pulsed mode with a duty cycle of 20-25%?
To achieve non-thermal effects
What is the result of the longitudinal waves of the US beam on the tissue fluid?
Compression and rarefaction of the cells
What is the benefit of using intensities lower than 0.5 W/cm2 in continuous mode?
To achieve non-thermal effects
What is the absorption rate of energy produced by 3 MHz ultrasound compared to 1 MHz ultrasound?
Three times faster
What is the recommended treatment duration for ultrasound therapy?
5 to 10 minutes
What is the contraindication for ultrasound treatment over the spinal column or brain?
Over the spinal column or brain
In chronic conditions, how often should ultrasound treatment be applied?
Every other day
What is the indication for ultrasound treatment in cases of non-septic periarthritis?
Periarthritis (non-septic)
What should be done if no improvement is noted after three or four ultrasound treatments?
Employ different parameters
What is the primary purpose of increasing the intensity by 50% during the immersion application procedure?
To enhance the penetration of ultrasound waves
What is the main function of the coupling medium in the balloon application procedure?
To enhance the transmission of sound waves
What is the primary mechanism by which phonophoresis enhances the effects of topical drugs?
By pushing particles of the drug deeper into the skin tissues
During the immersion application procedure, what is the recommended distance between the ultrasound head and the skin surface?
0.5 to 1 cm
What is the typical range of penetration for the intensity heat generated during the treatment?
4-6 cm
What is the primary advantage of using the balloon application procedure over the immersion application procedure?
It allows for more precise control over the treatment area
Explore the properties of ultrasound waves, including transverse and longitudinal waves, reflection, refraction, absorption, and attenuation.
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