24 Questions
What can happen to the opposite ureter in children with a large ureterocele?
It becomes obstructed
What is a characteristic of ureteroceles in terms of symmetry?
They are seldom symmetrical
What is the location of the content being described in the context of ureteroceles?
Bladder
What imaging technique is likely to be used to diagnose ureteroceles?
Ultrasound Imaging
What is the term for a condition in which the ureter is obstructed?
Ureteral obstruction
What is the relationship between the size of the ureterocele and the obstruction of the opposite ureter?
The larger the ureterocele, the more likely the opposite ureter is to be obstructed
What is the anatomical structure that is most closely related to the ureterocele?
Ureter
What is the term for the condition in which the ureter is abnormally dilated?
Ureteral dilatation
What is the primary reason for ensuring the bladder is full before an ultrasound imaging procedure?
To facilitate the visualization of the urinary tract
Which of the following symptoms is NOT an indication for ultrasound imaging of the urinary bladder?
Vaginal bleeding
What is the primary goal of ultrasound imaging in patients with hematuria?
To identify the cause of bleeding in the urinary tract
In which of the following situations is ultrasound imaging of the urinary bladder NOT typically performed?
During an active episode of bleeding
What is the relationship between the fullness of the bladder and the visualization of the pelvic organs?
A full bladder helps to visualize the pelvic organs
Which of the following is a potential complication of recurrent urinary tract infections?
Kidney damage
What is the primary difference between indications for ultrasound imaging of the urinary bladder in adults and children?
Adults are typically imaged for recurrent infection, while children are imaged for acute infection
What is the role of ultrasound imaging in the evaluation of pelvic mass?
To identify the source of the mass
What is a common cause of bladder distension in males?
Urethral stricture
What can cause a small bladder in a patient with a clinical history of frequent and painful micturition?
Cystitis
What is a common symptom of an enlarged prostate?
Frequent micturition
What can cause a small bladder in a patient with a clinical history of frequent but not painful micturition?
Damage to the bladder walls
What is a common complication of bladder distension?
Hydronephrosis
What is the purpose of asking the patient to empty the bladder and rescan?
To confirm suspected overdistension
What is a common cause of bladder distension in females?
Bruising of the urethra
What is the purpose of giving the patient more fluid and asking them not to micturate, then rescanning in 1-2 hours?
To assess bladder capacity
Study Notes
Ultrasound Imaging of the Urinary Bladder
- Indications for ultrasound imaging of the urinary bladder include:
- Dysuria or frequency of micturition
- Hematuria (after bleeding has stopped)
- Recurrent infection (in adults; acute infection in children)
- Pelvic mass
- Retention of urine
- Pelvic pain
Preparation of the Patient
- The bladder must be full during the ultrasound examination
Normal and Abnormal Urinary Bladder
- A normal bladder appears as a smooth, evenly stretched structure
- Columns within the bladder indicate a possible ureterocele, which may be bilateral but rarely symmetrical
- Large/overdistended bladder:
- Bladder walls will be smooth and evenly stretched, with or without diverticula
- Measurements can confirm suspected overdistension
- Always check the ureters and kidneys for hydronephrosis
- Ask the patient to empty the bladder and rescan to see if it is completely empty
- Common causes of bladder distention include:
- Enlargement of the prostate
- Urethral stricture in the male
- Urethral calculus in the male
- Bruising of the urethra in the female ("honeymoon urethritis")
- Neurogenic bladder from damage to the spinal cord
- Small bladder:
- May be due to cystitis, which prevents the patient from holding urine and causes frequent and painful micturition
- May be due to damaged or fibrosed bladder walls, reducing bladder capacity
- May be due to other causes, such as urethral valves or diaphragm in newborn infants, or cystocele in some patients
This quiz is for 4th-year radiology technology students, testing their knowledge of ultrasound imaging techniques and concepts.
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