24 Questions
What is the recommended action when scanning the ovary to enhance the deep tissues?
Decrease the gain
What is a normal location of the ovary in relation to the uterus?
To the side of the uterus
What is the purpose of rotating the patient during ovarian scanning?
To check if the ovary is fixed by adhesions
What is the recommended scanning technique to visualize the relationship of the pelvic organs?
Slow, continuous scans
What is the characteristic appearance of ovarian follicles on ultrasound?
Echogenic spaces within or around the ovary
What is the recommended follow-up for a cyst that is suspected to be neoplastic?
Scan the patient both early and late in the menstrual cycle
What is the typical size of a physiological ovarian follicle?
Less than 2.5 cm in diameter
What is the characteristic behavior of follicular cysts during the menstrual cycle?
They regress
What is the normal size of the ovaries in terms of length, width, and thickness?
1.5-3.0 cm × 1.5-3.0 cm × 1.0-2.0 cm
What is the normal location of the ovaries?
Within the ovarian fossa on the posterior wall of the true pelvis
What is the significance of scanning the uterine cervix in different projections?
To note any abnormal variation in size or shape
What happens to the uterus after each pregnancy?
It increases in size and becomes more rounded
What is the appearance of the uterus on ultrasound after menopause?
It appears smaller and homogeneous
What is the normal appearance of the ovaries on ultrasound after menopause?
They are small and hyperechogenic
What is the significance of the cul-de-sac in ultrasound imaging?
It is a sign of ovulation or menstruation
What is the volume range of the ovaries?
1.2-9.4 cm3
What is the typical weight range of an ovary?
2-8 g
Where are the ovaries typically located?
On the peritoneum of the pelvic wall
What is the orientation of the ovary's long axis?
Oblique
What is the echogenicity of the ovary compared to the uterus?
Same echogenicity
What happens to the ovary's size during pregnancy?
It doubles
What can be used to help identify the ovaries when they are difficult to locate?
Turning the patient obliquely and scanning the opposite ovary
What is the shape of the ovary on ultrasound imaging?
Ovoid
Where are the ovaries most commonly found in relation to the uterus?
Lateral to the uterus
Study Notes
Normal Uterus
- Scan the uterine cervix in different projections to note any abnormal variations in size or shape.
- After pregnancy, the cervix may be asymmetrical, and the uterus increases in size, becoming more rounded.
- Record uterine dimensions; a longitudinal scan shows a small amount of fluid in the cul-de-sac, which is normal after ovulation or menstruation.
Postmenopausal Uterus
- The uterus is smaller and appears homogeneous, with the endometrial cavity not visible.
Normal Ovaries
- Ovaries are paired female gonads, firm and ovoid in shape, measuring approximately 1.5-3.0 cm × 1.5-3.0 cm × 1.0-2.0 cm (corresponding to a volume of 1.2-9.4 cm3).
- Ovaries lie within the ovarian fossa on the posterior wall of the true pelvis and form part of the adnexa.
- Normally, ovaries contain anechoic spaces (ovarian follicles) and should not be found in front of the uterus.
- In postmenopausal women, ovaries are small and may be difficult to identify.
Ovarian Follicles
- Follicles appear as cysts with an echogenic space within or around the surface of the ovary, best seen with low gain settings.
- Follicles can be up to 2.5 cm in diameter and may be physiological, changing or disappearing during the menstrual cycle.
- Follicular cysts should regress, and nonfunctional cysts should not change in size.
Scanning Techniques
- Use varied gain settings to obtain the best images.
- Rotate the patient to see if the ovary is fixed by adhesions and note whether it is significantly enlarged.
- Use slow, continuous scans to see the relationship of the pelvic organs.
This quiz covers the ultrasound imaging of the uterus, including the scan of the uterine cervix and any abnormal variations in size or shape.
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